Figure 2. Effects of the type of charged particle and the film thickness.

(a) AFM images and radius distributions of HSA nanowires formed by irradiation of an HSA spin-coated film with various ion beams. The irradiation ion beams were 320 MeV ¹⁰²Ru¹⁸⁺, 450 MeV ¹²⁹Xe²³⁺ and 490 MeV ¹⁹²Os³⁰⁺. (b) AFM image and (c) length distribution of the HSA nanowires formed by irradiation of a 500-nm-thick HSA spin-coated film with a 490 MeV ¹⁹²Os³⁰⁺-ion beam at a fluence of 1.0 × 10⁹ ions cm⁻². AFM images of (d) HSA nanodots and (e) high aspect ratio HSA nanowires.