Table 2. Physical and biochemical studies in the diabetic patients.
| Non‐ED patients | ED patients | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FMD (%) | 3.82 ± 0.39 | 2.84 ± 0.34 | 0.038 |
| NMD (%) | 13.8 ± 0.79 | 12.2 ± 0.83 | 0.175 |
| n | 58 | 42 | |
| CPX | |||
| VO2 at AT (mL/kg/min) | 12.7 ± 0.5 | 11.2 ± 0.4 | 0.022 |
| Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 21.4 ± 0.8 | 19.4 ± 0.9 | 0.055 |
| n | 27 | 33 | |
| EPCs (cells/100 mL) | |||
| Before CPX | 72 ± 12 | 49 ± 6 | 0.119 |
| After CPX | 99 ± 18** | 60 ± 8* | |
| n | 23 | 22 | |
| Serum RBP4 (µg/mL) | 53.2 ± 4.1 | 63.0 ± 6.1 | 0.178 |
| Serum Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 9.8 ± 1.5 | 8.8 ± 1.0 | 0.595 |
| Serum VEGF (pg/mL) | 245 ± 21 | 275 ± 32 | 0.422 |
| Serum PlGF (pg/mL) | 10.2 ± 0.7 | 10.7 ± 0.5 | 0.608 |
| Serum hs‐CRP (mg/L) | 1.37 ± 0.35 | 2.25 ± 0.78 | 0.279 |
| Serum HMGB1 (pg/mL) | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 0.791 |
| Serum CD146 (ng/mL) | 585 ± 23 | 553 ± 23 | 0.331 |
| n | 38 | 35 | |
Values are mean ± SEM. Values are analyzed by Student's t‐test or paired t‐test. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001 vs the value before cardiopulmonary exercise stress test (CPX). AT, anaerobic threshold; EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells; FMD, flow‐mediated dilatation; HMGB1, high mobility group box 1; hs‐CRP, high sensitive C‐reactive protein; NMD, nitroglycerin‐mediated dilatation; PlGF, placental growth factor; RBP4, retinol‐binding protein 4; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VO2, oxygen consumption.