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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 9.
Published in final edited form as: FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012 May 25;65(3):467–480. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00978.x

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Probiotic (La) and synbiotic treatments promote regulatory cytokine expression in colonic tissue. Mice were pretreated with synbiotics (combination of probiotic La + prebiotic inulin), or probiotic La or prebiotic inulin and infected with Citrobacter rodentium. Cytokine mRNA expression in colon tissue was measured by real-time PCR at 2 weeks after Cr bacterial infection. Values represent the average fold change in mRNA expression in reference to the expression levels in Cr alone-infected mice with GAPDH mRNA expression as an internal control. (a) TGF-β response. (b) IL-10 response. *P < 0.05 when compared with that of Cr-infected group, based on one-way anova (Tukey's multiple comparison test). The results were displayed as means ± SEM and were representative of three independent experiments with N = 7–10 pups per treatment.