Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the 35,502 people with diabetes included for analysis
| Characteristic | n (%) | Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age: mean (±SD) |
63.6 years (±14.3) |
Investigations |
|
| Gender: female |
16,322 (45.97) |
ACR: not monitored |
13,104 (36.91) |
| Gender: male |
19,180 (54.03) |
ACR: normal |
16,960 (56.00) |
|
Ethnicity |
|
ACR: microalbuminuria |
4,623 (13.02) |
| White |
15,222 (42.9) |
ACR: macroalbuminuria |
815 (2.30) |
| Mixed |
406 (1.1) |
HbA1c: not measured |
3,435 (9.7) |
| Asian |
6,215 (17.5) |
HbA1c: < 7.5% |
19,648 (55.3) |
| Black |
2,183 (6.1) |
HbA1c: > 7.5% |
12,419 (35.0) |
| Other |
2,187 (6.1) |
Total cholesterol: not monitored |
2,046 (5.8) |
| Not recorded |
9,289 (26.2) |
Total cholesterol: < 5.0 mmol/l |
31,553 (88.9) |
|
Smoking Status |
|
Total cholesterol: > 5.0 mmol/l |
1,903 (5.4) |
| Not recorded |
7,474 (21.05) |
LDL cholesterol: not monitored |
15,678 (44.16) |
| Never smoked |
16,349 (46.10) |
LDL cholesterol: normal |
14,612 (41.16) |
| Current Smoker |
6,620 (18.65) |
LDL cholesterol: high |
5,212 (14.68) |
| Ex-smoker |
5,059 (14.25) |
HDL cholesterol: not monitored |
5,850 (16.48) |
|
Alcohol Consumption |
|
HDL cholesterol: normal |
24,372 (68.65) |
| Not recorded |
12,272 (34.57) |
HDL cholesterol: low |
5,280 (14.87) |
| No alcohol |
11,250 (31.70) |
No Hypertension |
|
| Light alcohol |
10,124 (28.52) |
Renal function not monitored |
2,200 (6.20) |
| Excess alcohol |
1,725 (4.86) |
No CKD |
15,229 (42.90) |
| Previous excess alcohol |
131 (0.37) |
CKD all stages |
|
|
Comorbidities |
|
Hypertension |
569 (1.60) |
| Heart failure |
1,550 (4.37) |
Renal function not monitored |
2,260 (6.37) |
| Dialysis |
97 (0.27) |
No CKD |
5,862 (16.51) |
| Stroke |
1,438 (4.05) |
CKD stages 1–2 |
7,581 (21.35) |
| Transient ischaemic attack |
1,060 (2.99) |
CKD stages 3–5 |
3,987 (11.23) |
| Ischaemic heart disease |
6,328 (17.82) |
CKD stages 3–5 with proteinuria |
3,676 (10.35) |
| Coronary artery operation |
2,322 (6.54) |
LDL cholesterol: not monitored |
15,678 (44.16) |
| Myocardial infarction | 1,895 (5.34) |
Abbreviation: SD, Standard deviation.