Table 3.

Analysis of risk factors for radiographically confirmed pneumonia among children < 60 months of age, stratified by crowding, Kamalapur, Dhaka, 2009–2010

Variable	Overall	Crowded households (≥ 4 persons sleeping in same room as child) N = 665*	Less crowded households (< 4 persons sleeping in same room as child) N = 329†
Age group of child
< 6 months	Ref	Ref	Ref
6 to < 12 months	1.04 (0.66, 1.63)	1.20 (0.71, 2.03)	0.67 (0.27, 1.66)
12 to < 24 months	1.14 (0.75, 1.74)	1.28 (0.78, 2.10)	0.79 (0.34, 1.81)
24 to < 60 months	0.97 (0.63, 1.48)	1.03 (0.63, 1.69)	0.71 (0.30, 1.65)
Sex	1.35 (1.03, 1.79)	1.21 (0.87, 1.67)	2.00 (1.16, 3.45)
SES
Quartile 1 (poorest)	2.16 (1.33, 3.51)	1.61 (0.91, 2.86)	5.04 (1.93, 13.20)
Quartile 2	2.07 (1.29, 3.33)	1.87 (1.07, 3.27)	2.13 (0.83, 5.49)
Quartile 3	1.91 (1.20, 3.05)	1.60 (0.91, 2.83)	2.89 (1.22, 6.87)
Quartile 4 (wealthiest)	Ref	Ref	Ref
Cross-ventilated living space‡	0.72 (0.53, 0.98)	0.58 (0.40, 0.83)	1.40 (0.77, 2.55)
Tin roof in living space	1.54 (1.08, 2.19)	1.31 (0.86, 2.0)	2.41 (1.22, 4.80)
Crowding (≥ 4 persons sleeping in same room as index child)	1.60 (1.18, 2.18)	n/a	n/a

P value for interaction between crowding and cross-ventilated living space was 0.13. P values for terms evaluating interaction between crowding and each of the other variables of interest (child sex, socioeconomic status [SES], and tin roof in the living space) all exceeded 0.20.

^*251 cases, 414 controls.

^†80 cases, 249 controls.

^‡Cross-ventilation defined as one window or one door in two or more opposing walls.