Table 3.
Percentages of sleep disturbances among 2,391 US young adults aged 20–39 years, by sex, race/ethnicity, and country of birth: the NHANES 2005–2008
| Total % (SE) | Sex |
P valuea | Race/ethnicity |
P valuea | Country of birth |
P valuea | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | White | AA | HA | Other | US-born | Foreign-born | |||||
|
|
|
|
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| % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | |||||
| Inadequate sleep (<7 hrs) | 35.6 (1.4) | 37.9 (1.9) | 33.0 (1.8) | 0.073 | 33.2 (1.9) | 51.3 (2.0) | 30.4 (2.5) | 37.0 (2.3) | <0.001 | 36.9 (1.6) | 29.3 (1.9) | 0.008 |
| Sleep duration (hrs) | ||||||||||||
| < 6 | 13.6 (0.7) | 14.9 (1.1) | 12.2 (1.0) | 0.094 | 11.9 (0.9) | 25.8 (1.9) | 9.1 (1.2) | 14.2 (1.8) | <0.001 | 14.1 (0.9) | 11.3 (1.2) | 0.003 |
| 6–7 | 22.0 (1.0) | 23.0 (1.5) | 20.8 (1.3) | 21.2 (1.5) | 25.5 (1.8) | 21.3 (2.0) | 22.8 (1.9) | 22.8 (1.2) | 18.1 (1.6) | |||
| 7–8 | 57.5 (1.3) | 56.1 (1.8) | 59.1 (1.7) | 59.9 (1.9) | 40.9 (2.2) | 63.5 (2.6) | 56.0 (2.3) | 55.8 (1.5) | 65.5 (2.1) | |||
| ≥ 9 | 6.9 (0.7) | 6.0 (0.7) | 7.9 (1.1) | 6.9 (0.9) | 7.7 (1.5) | 6.1 (0.9) | 7.0 (1.9) | 7.3 (0.7) | 5.1 (1.0) | |||
| Insomnia | 41.9 (0.9) | 35.9 (1.2) | 48.6 (1.7) | <0.001 | 46.7 (1.3) | 40.7 (2.3) | 21.0 (2.3) | 35.7 (3.5) | <0.001 | 45.0 (1.0) | 26.8 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Insomnia symptoms | ||||||||||||
| Trouble falling asleepb | 16.1 (0.8) | 12.8 (1.1) | 19.8 (1.7) | 0.002 | 19.3 (1.2) | 12.8 (1.7) | 6.7 (1.1) | 10.8 (1.7) | <0.001 | 18.5 (1.0) | 4.5 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Sleep latency ≥ 30 mins | 37.1 (1.2) | 34.7 (1.1) | 39.9 (1.8) | 0.003 | 34.9 (1.4) | 44.5 (2.2) | 38.9 (1.8) | 40.2 (3.5) | 0.002 | 37.3 (1.4) | 36.1 (2.2) | 0.668 |
| Daytime sleepiness | 19.2 (0.9) | 15.8 (1.1) | 23.1 (1.5) | <0.001 | 21.4 (1.3) | 18.1 (1.5) | 8.7 (1.5) | 18.2 (2.8) | <0.001 | 20.0 (1.0) | 15.3 (2.0) | 0.052 |
| Sleeping pill use | 4.3 (0.3) | 3.2 (0.5) | 5.4 (0.6) | 0.017 | 5.0 (0.5) | 3.6 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.6) | 3.1 (1.0) | 0.013 | 4.7 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.9) | 0.055 |
| Diagnosed sleep disorder | 4.4 (0.4) | 4.5 (0.7) | 4.3 (0.5) | 0.028 | 5.1 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.8) | 2.3 (0.8) | 3.8 (1.2) | 0.093 | 5.0 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.6) | 0.002 |
| Sleep apnea | 8.5 (0.8) | 11.5 (1.3) | 5.2 (0.8) | <0.001 | 8.7 (1.1) | 8.1 (1.4) | 9.5 (1.4) | 7.2 (1.5) | 0.722 | 8.7 (0.9) | 7.6 (1.2) | 0.392 |
| Snoring | 24.1 (1.2) | 32.1 (1.6) | 15.3 (1.2) | <0.001 | 24.3 (1.6) | 22.0 (2.1) | 24.7 (2.2) | 25.1 (2.9) | 0.807 | 24.1 (1.3) | 24.3 (2.3) | 0.008 |
| RLS | 4.9 (0.5) | 4.7 (0.6) | 5.0 (0.6) | 0.672 | 5.3 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.9) | 4.2 (0.7) | 4.5 (1.2) | 0.354 | 5.2 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.8) | 0.101 |
Abbreviations: SE, standard error; AA, African American; HA, Hispanic American; RLS, restless legs syndrome.
a
Based on the Chi-square test.
b
Ever told a doctor or other health professional having trouble falling asleep.