Table 5.
Stratified analysis for the associations between sleep disturbances and health-related quality of life (poor general health) among US young adults aged 20–39 years, by sex, race/ethnicity, and country of birth: the NHANES 2005–2008
| Sex |
P valueb | Race/ethnicity |
P valueb | Country of birth |
P valueb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | US-born | Foreign-born | ||||
|
|
|
|
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| OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)a | ||||
| Inadequate sleep (<7 hrs) | 1.75 (1.13, 2.71) | 1.57 (1.04, 2.35) | 0.751 | 1.84 (1.11, 3.03) | 1.76 (1.04, 2.99) | 1.34 (0.84, 2.14) | 1.74 (0.90, 3.35) | 0.629 | 1.66 (1.15, 2.40) | 1.88 (1.07, 3.31) | 0.610 |
| Sleep duration (ref: 7–8 hrs) | |||||||||||
| <6 hrs | 2.33 (1.30, 4.19) | 1.43 (0.82, 2.48) | 0.776 | 2.51 (1.36, 4.61) | 2.25 (1.05, 4.81) | 1.00 (0.39, 2.54) | 1.54 (0.49, 4.87) | 0.646 | 2.07 (1.39, 3.09) | 1.44 (0.47, 4.40) | 0.619 |
| 6–7 hrs | 1.52 (0.93, 2.49) | 1.72 (0.99, 2.99) | 1.53 (0.83, 2.79) | 1.97 (0.88, 4.43) | 1.64 (1.05, 2.58) | 1.63 (0.75, 3.56) | 1.52 (0.97, 2.39) | 2.16 (1.21, 3.87) | |||
| ≥9 hrs | 1.43 (0.69, 2.95) | 1.08 (0.53, 2.20) | 1.27 (0.51, 3.17) | 2.68 (0.61, 11.79) | 1.44 (0.56, 3.73) | 0.56 (0.10, 3.08) | 1.42 (0.82, 2.45) | 1.14 (0.29, 4.44) | |||
| Insomnia | 2.90 (1.75, 4.79) | 1.97 (1.22, 3.17) | 0.366 | 2.75 (1.44, 5.25) | 1.51 (0.98, 2.33) | 2.16 (1.19, 3.94) | 6.67 (2.25, 19.73) | 0.505 | 2.42 (1.61, 3.64) | 3.27 (1.84, 5.82) | 0.792 |
| Insomnia symptoms | |||||||||||
| Sleep latency ≥ 30 mins | 1.37 (0.89, 2.11) | 1.23 (0.77, 1.95) | 0.808 | 1.19 (0.64, 2.20) | 1.34 (0.80, 2.26) | 1.73 (1.24, 2.43) | 1.59 (0.83, 3.05) | 0.785 | 1.22 (0.82, 1.81) | 1.75 (1.05, 2.90) | 0.355 |
| Daytime sleepiness | 2.42 (1.49, 3.94) | 1.21 (0.71, 2.08) | 0.113 | 1.73 (1.00, 2.97) | 1.21 (0.67, 2.19) | 3.77 (1.74, 8.21) | 2.35 (0.93, 5.92) | 0.251 | 1.60 (1.03, 2.49) | 3.27 (1.35, 7.89) | 0.662 |
| Sleeping pill use | 2.07 (0.71, 6.05) | 0.89 (0.46, 1.73) | 0.169 | 0.92 (0.37, 2.28) | 2.43 (0.94, 6.25) | 1.79 (0.52, 6.19) | 2.00 (0.23, 17.40) | 0.523 | 1.32 (0.73, 2.41) | 0.48 (0.01, 22.1) | 0.518 |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; AA, African American; HA, HispanicAmerican; NA, not applicable due to small sample size.
Except for stratified variables, each model for each sleep disturbance and poor general health adjusted forsex, age, poverty income ratio, race/ethnicity, country of birth, marital status, employment status, education, physical activity participation, screen time, smoking status, illegal drug use,alcohol drinking, caffeine consumption, obesity, chronic disease, and depression.
P value for interaction term test.