Table 4.

Mediation analyses of the association of plasma pentosidine levels with the CAC score by low grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in T1DM

	Model 2			Model 2 + LGI			Model 2 + ED
	Standardised β	95%-CI	p-value	Standardised β	95%-CI	p-value	Standardised β	95%-CI	p-value
Pentosidine (SD)	0.47	0.03 – 0.91	0.036	0.47	0.03 – 0.91	0.038	0.43	-0.02 – 0.87	0.060

Data are presented as standardized β (sβ). A sβ of 0.47 SD indicates that individuals with T1DM with a CAC score of >10 have on average 0.47 SD higher pentosidine levels compared to individuals with a score of 0–10.

n = 122 for individuals with a calcification score of 0–10; n = 27 for those with a calcification score of >10.

Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, SBP, DBP, BMI, WHR, pack-years of smoking, LDL, HDL, triglycerides and eGFR. This model was additionally adjusted for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker for low-grade inflammation (LGI), or for soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF), which are markers of endothelial dysfunction (ED).