Table 3.
Multi-level logistic regression analyses of school- and student-level characteristics associated with overweight and obesity among youth in grades 1 to 4 in PLAY-On (Ontario, Canada, 2007–2008)
|
Student-Level dharacteristics
|
Adjusted odds ratio
§
(95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|
| Overweight vs. normal weight a | Obese vs. normal weight a | ||
| Sex |
Female |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Male |
0.90 (0.70, 1.17) |
1.01 (0.71, 1.44) |
|
| Grade |
1 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 2 |
0.68 (0.46, 1.01) |
1.47 (0.88, 2.44) |
|
| 3 |
0.80 (0.56, 1.14) |
1.41 (0.85, 2.34) |
|
| 4 |
1.07 (0.76, 1.51) |
0.98 (0.57, 1.69) |
|
| Physical activity level |
Low active |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Moderately active |
0.65 (0.45, 0.94)* |
0.75 (0.46, 1.20) |
|
| Very active |
0.53 (0.35, 0.81)** |
0.50 (0.28, 0.89)* |
|
| Sedentary behaviour |
≤2 hour per day |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 2 to 4 hours per day |
1.55 (1.18, 2.04)** |
1.49 (1.01, 2.19)* |
|
| >4 hours per day |
1.64 (0.53, 5.11) |
1.62 (0.36, 7.22) |
|
| Physical activity level compared to other kids |
About the same |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| More active |
0.79 (0.46, 1.37) |
1.26 (0.60, 2.62) |
|
| Less active |
0.95 (0.70, 1.28) |
1.30 (0.82, 2.06) |
|
| Prefers to play alone or with other children |
Alone |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Other children |
0.57 (0.25, 1.34) |
0.90 (0.26, 3.09) |
|
| Both |
0.48 (0.20, 1.11) |
0.49 (0.14, 1.71) |
|
| Prefers to play active games or quiet games |
Quiet |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Active |
0.54 (0.30, 0.97)* |
0.76 (0.35, 1.64) |
|
| Both |
0.96 (0.73, 1.25) |
0.84 (0.58, 1.24) |
|
| Preference for reading |
Dislikes reading |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Likes reading |
0.96 (0.68, 1.35) |
0.98 (0.60, 1.60) |
|
| Prefers to play outside or inside |
Inside |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Outside |
1.03 (0.56, 1.92) |
0.87 (0.36, 2.07) |
|
| Both |
1.45 (0.99, 2.05) |
0.92 (0.57, 1.50) |
|
|
School-Level Characteristics
| |||
|
Healthy Physical Environment | |||
| Student access to a variety of facilities on and off school grounds during school hours |
Initiation |
1.00 |
- |
| Action |
0.39 (0.16, 0.92)** |
||
| Maintenance |
0.32 (0.12, 0.86)** |
||
| Support for active transportation to/from school |
Initiation |
1.00 |
- |
| Action |
0.72 (0.36, 1.42) |
||
| Maintenance | 0.47 (0.22, 0.98)* | ||
Note: § Odds ratios adjusted for all other variables in the table and controlling for random variation across schools.
aBMI values used to determine weight status have been adjusted for age and sex.
Model 1: 1 = Overweight (n = 319), 0 = Normal weight (n = 1,711).
Model 2: 1 = Obese (n = 143), 0 = Normal weight (n = 1,711).
*p < .05 **p < .0.
PLAY-On represents the name of the study where self-reported data were collected in 2007–2008 from a convenience sample of students in grades 1 to 4 attending 30 elementary schools in Ontario, Canada.