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. 2014 May 9;9(5):e96595. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096595

Figure 5. Yeast induced DC cytokine secretion occurs independently of yeast metabolic function.

Figure 5

Levels of A. IL-12, B. IL-10, C. IL-6, D. TNFα, and E. IL-1β secreted by human monocyte-derived DCs following 20 h stimulation with DC media containing 10 % glycerol (unstimulated) or S. boulardii (Ultra-Levure), K. marxianus (CBS1553), K. lactis var. lactis (CBS9057), D. hansenii (CBS1121), M. reukaufii (CBS9021), M. gruessii (CBS9029), or M. borealis (CBS8431). For each yeast strain, DC stimulation was performed with live yeast, UV irradiated yeast, and heat treated yeast at a yeast:DC ratio of 10∶1. Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n = 4). One-way ANOVA, Bonferroni’s multiple comparison post test, indicating significant differences between cytokine levels induced by live, UV irradiated, and heat treated yeast for each strain. ns, not significant; *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001.