Table 2.
Main clinical features among the three groups of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients
| Group 1 NMDAR-DSE | Group 2 NMDAR + clinical and/or MRI-demyelination | Group 3 NMDAR control | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AQP4 antibodies | 4/12 | 5/11 | 1/50 (2%) | < 0.0001 |
| MOG antibodies | 7/12 | 2/11 | 3/50 (6%) | < 0.0001 |
| Male | 5/12 | 2/11 | 8/50 (16%) | 0.18 |
| Median age NMDAR IQR, range | 30 (16.3–39.8; 14–55) | 19 (13–37; 4–62) | 20 (15.8–27.3; 1–46) | 0.31 |
| Median age DSE IQR, range | 29.5 (13.5–37.8; 9–49) | n.a. n.a. | n.a. n.a. | |
| Tumor | 0/12 | 1/11 | 18/50 (36%) | 0.011 |
| mRS max (NMDAR) | ||||
| 5 | 8/12 | 7/11 | 48/50 (96%) | 0.001 |
| 4 | 2/12 | 4/11 | 2/50 (4%) | |
| 3 | 2/12 | 0/11 | 0/50 (0%) | |
| Abnormal MRI | 12/12 | 11/11 | 16/47 (34%) | < 0.0001 |
| Infratentorial or spinal cord abnormalities | 8/12 | 5/11 | 1/47 (2%) | < 0.0001 |
| Abnormal EEG | 8/9 | 8/10 | 41/47 (87%) | 0.85 |
| Abnormal CSF | 9/12 | 10/11 | 40/46 (87%) | 0.58 |
| OCB | 5/10 | 6/9 | 15/20 (75%) | 0.40 |
*
Median age was compared between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test; for all other analyses we tested with the Fisher-Freeman-Halton extension of the Fisher-Exact test.
DSE demyelinating syndrome episode; IQR interquartile range; mRS modified Rankin Scale; MRI magnetic resonance imaging; EEG electroencephalography; CSF cerebrospinal fluid; OCB oligoclonal bands; n.a. not applicable