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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2014 Apr 20;20(5):524–530. doi: 10.1038/nm.3542

Figure 2. Microbiota regulates postnatal granulocytosis and controls host resistance to E. coli.

Figure 2

(a) 5 day-old sex-matched neonatal mice exposed to combination of 3 (3ABX) or 5 antibiotics (5ABX) or no antibiotics (No ABX) were examined for susceptibility after inoculation with E. coli via intraperitoneal route. (b) 5 day-old sex-matched neonatal mice exposed to combination of 3 (3ABX) or (c) 5 antibiotics (5ABX) or no antibiotics (No ABX) were examined for circulating neutrophils or (d) plasma G-CSF levels 4h after inoculation with E. coli. (e) 5 day-old sex-matched neonatal mice exposed to combination of 3 (3ABX) or (f) 5 antibiotics (5ABX) or no antibiotics (No ABX) were treated with G-CSF and examined for susceptibility after inoculation with E. coli via intraperitoneal route. * Significantly different from neonatal mice not exposed to antibiotics (No ABX), ** significantly different from ABX-exposed neonatal mice. (g) Transfer of intestinal contents from postnatal day 3 old control (no antibiotic-exposed) mice to sex-matched neonatal mice exposed to combination of 5 antibiotics (5ABX) or (h) 3 antibiotics (3ABX) via oral gavage on postnatal day 3 and assessment of susceptibility to E. coli 48 h following transfer (postnatal day 5). (i) Transfer of intestinal contents from postnatal day 3 old control (no antibiotic-exposed) mice to sex-matched neonatal mice exposed to combination of 5 antibiotics (ABX) via oral gavage on postnatal day 3 and assessment of circulating or (j) bone marrow neutrophils 48 h following transfer (postnatal day 5). Data are representative of three independent experiments with 12 mice per group. Results are shown as the means ± s.e.m. * Significantly different from control (No ABX) neonatal mice, ** significantly different from ABX-exposed neonatal mice.