Table 2. Effects of AC treatments and plants (invasive S. canadensis or native K. striata) on soil properties in experiment 1.

	S. canadensis			K. striata
Soil property	No AC	AC	significance	No AC	AC	significance
pH	7.77	7.78	ns	7.77	7.77	ns
TN (g/kg)	1.03	1.01	ns	1.02	1.05	ns
TP (g/kg)	0.50	0.48	ns	0.49	0.50	ns
SOM (g/kg)	20.54	23.04	*	20.34	21.20	ns
AP (mg/kg)	49.02	48.57	ns	48.06	48.69	ns
Tph (ppm)	204.40	5.61	**	107.81	2.24	**
Tfl (ppm)	47.67	0.48	**	23.50	0.17	**
Tsa (ppm)	467.67	23.80	**	231.00	19.9	**

TN refers to total nitrogen; TP refers to total phosphorous; SOM refers to soil organic matter; AP refers to available phosphorous; Tph refers to total phenolics; Tfl refers to total flavones; Tsa refers to total saponins. For each plant species, a significant difference between No AC and AC is indicated as follows:

*P<0.05;

**P<0.01;

ns P>0.05 (not significant).