Table 5. Analysis of qualitative parameters, separated by social context.
Mean of groups | Loadings of functions | Population difference(3) | Sex difference(3) | |||||||||||
Context | Parameters | GER_f(1) | GER_m | FRA_f | FRA_m | LD1 | LD2 | LD3 | W(4) | p' (*8) | sig. | W | p' (*8) | sig. |
DiffPop(1) | duration | 72.022 | 46.050 | 53.383 | 47.531 | −0.009 | −0.032 | −0.003 | 361127 | 0.0014 | ** | 262951 | 0.3180 | n.s. |
starting frequency | 77.422 | 80.358 | 78.186 | 82.657 | 0.080 | −0.020 | 0.012 | 344731 | 0.3646 | n.s. | 257697 | 0.0625 | n.s. | |
frequency slope(2) | 0.022 | 0.196 | 0.179 | −0.004 | 0.159 | 1.078 | -1.217 | 278099 | 0.0000 | *** | 314160 | 0.0011 | ** | |
minimum frequency | 66.513 | 75.416 | 67.197 | 74.674 | −0.152 | −0.036 | −0.051 | 374026 | 0.0000 | *** | 260947 | 0.1773 | n.s. | |
frequency band | 22.500 | 14.810 | 23.666 | 16.180 | −0.087 | 0.007 | −0.014 | 301360 | 0.0698 | n.s. | 295967 | 0.6646 | n.s. | |
frequency COG(3) | 75.011 | 83.405 | 77.913 | 83.381 | 0.117 | 0.042 | 0.049 | 352005 | 0.0442 | trend | 264501 | 0.4819 | n.s. | |
number of jumps | 0.629 | 0.125 | 0.734 | 0.251 | −0.532 | 0.332 | 1.115 | 302061 | 0.0177 | * | 287583 | 2.8360 | n.s. | |
number of turns | 2.069 | 1.369 | 2.017 | 1.084 | 0.025 | 0.458 | −0.513 | 334248 | 2.9200 | n.s. | 260500 | 0.1306 | n.s. | |
Proportion of trace: | 0.5152 | 0.4061 | 0.0787 | |||||||||||
DiffSex | duration | 69.299 | 45.574 | 46.020 | 29.772 | −0.035 | −0.010 | −0.011 | 495472 | 0.0000 | *** | 423758 | 0.0000 | *** |
starting frequency | 79.184 | 78.511 | 76.044 | 75.979 | 0.007 | −0.078 | −0.078 | 469865 | 0.0000 | *** | 313569 | 1.9128 | n.s. | |
frequency slope(2) | 0.075 | 0.238 | 0.164 | 0.325 | 0.396 | −0.918 | −0.383 | 339871 | 0.0001 | *** | 274447 | 0.0000 | *** | |
minimum frequency | 69.409 | 73.667 | 66.275 | 71.855 | −0.117 | 0.088 | 0.036 | 458440 | 0.0000 | *** | 251426 | 0.0000 | *** | |
frequency band | 23.252 | 15.489 | 22.904 | 15.529 | −0.044 | 0.075 | 0.110 | 371915 | 1.0400 | n.s. | 432694 | 0.0000 | *** | |
frequency COG(3) | 79.294 | 81.399 | 76.898 | 80.425 | 0.094 | −0.038 | 0.029 | 449380 | 0.0000 | *** | 265302 | 0.0000 | *** | |
number of jumps | 0.553 | 0.144 | 0.712 | 0.135 | 0.178 | 0.798 | −1.311 | 348256 | 0.0000 | *** | 426870 | 0.0000 | *** | |
number of turns | 2.011 | 1.069 | 1.669 | 0.782 | 0.204 | 0.065 | 0.280 | 419100 | 0.0212 | * | 417427 | 0.0000 | *** | |
Proportion of trace: | 0.658 | 0.333 | 0.009 | |||||||||||
SameSex | duration | 67.089 | 48.974 | 52.574 | 28.722 | −0.002 | 0.031 | 0.029 | 294371 | 0.0020 | ** | 206936 | 0.0902 | trend |
starting frequency | 78.299 | 83.913 | 74.850 | 86.112 | 0.028 | −0.113 | 0.085 | 241756 | 0.0358 | trend | 240086 | 0.4559 | n.s. | |
frequency slope(2) | 0.091 | −0.072 | 0.083 | 0.012 | −0.973 | −0.833 | 0.092 | 282895 | 0.1986 | n.s. | 208738 | 0.1749 | n.s. | |
minimum frequency | 69.478 | 78.026 | 62.571 | 80.645 | −0.020 | 0.190 | −0.128 | 321772 | 0.0000 | *** | 199929 | 0.0041 | ** | |
frequency band | 23.054 | 10.809 | 22.291 | 12.899 | −0.041 | 0.108 | −0.119 | 248630 | 0.3710 | n.s. | 232757 | 2.8520 | n.s. | |
frequency COG(3) | 79.509 | 84.113 | 72.288 | 87.663 | 0.061 | −0.065 | 0.017 | 312620 | 0.0000 | *** | 209621 | 0.2371 | n.s. | |
number of jumps | 0.605 | 0.061 | 0.821 | 0.118 | −0.120 | 0.096 | −0.380 | 222315 | 0.0000 | *** | 239387 | 0.2715 | n.s. | |
number of turns | 1.992 | 1.200 | 2.236 | 0.763 | −0.059 | −0.371 | −0.039 | 244939 | 0.0959 | trend | 243429 | 0.1270 | n.s. | |
Proportion of trace: | 0.5366 | 0.3964 | 0.0671 |
DiffPop = Different population, different sex; DiffSex = Same population, different sex; SameSex = Same population, same sex. FRA = French, GER = German, f = female, m = male.
Calculated as change of frequency over time (kHz/ms).
Centre of gravity, see Methods section Sound analysis for calculation.
Post-hoc Wilcoxon rank-sum tests; corrected p-values.