. 2013 Oct 22;14:228. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-228

Table 2.

Frailty and physical function criteria

First author, year	Physical measurement	Physical measurement method	Outcome	Criteria
CKD and frailty associated with outcome
Wilhelm-Leen [14]	Modified Fried Frailty Criteria	• Low body weight (BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m²)	Frailty	3 or more frailty domains present
		• Slow walking speed in timed 8 foot walk (lowest 20% adjusted for gender)
		• Self reported weakness
		• Self reported exhaustion
		• Self reported low physical activity
Roshanravan [15]	Modified Fried Frailty Criteria	• Unintentional weight loss (≥10 lbs in last 6 months)	Frailty or Intermediate Frailty	Frailty: 3 or more frailty domains Intermediate Frailty: 1 or 2 frailty domains present
		• Grip Strength (lowest 20% adjusted for gender and BMI)
		• Self reported Exhaustion (lowest 20% score on SF-36)
		• Slow walking speed in timed 15 foot walk (lowest 20% adjusted for gender and height)
		• Self reported low physical activity (exercise <1 per week)
CKD and frailty associated
Odden [17]	Exercise and Functional Capacity	• Self-perception of physical function (assessed by SAQ)^a	Physical Limitation and/or low Exercise Capacity	Physical Limitation: SAQ score <75
Odden [17]	Exercise and Functional Capacity	• Objective exercise capacity (treadmill test evaluated by Bruce protocol)^b	Physical Limitation and/or low Exercise Capacity	Low Exercise Capacity: maximum exercise capacity <5 MET
Shlipak [18]	Fried Frailty Criteria:	• Unintentional weight loss (≥ 10 lbs or ≥ 5% loss in body weight)	Frailty	3 or more frailty domains present
		• Slow walking speed on 15 foot walk (lowest 20% adjusted for gender and height)
		• Grip Strength (lowest 20% adjusted for gender and BMI)
		• Poor endurance and energy (CES-D questionnaire)
		• Self reported low physical activity (lowest 20% adjusted for gender)
Fried [4]	Physical Function	• Self-reported difficulty in climbing 10 steps or walking one quarter of a mile	Functional Limitation	Two consecutive reports of difficulty involving the same function (stairs or walking, measured every 6 months)
Bowling [19]	Functional Decline	• IADL Score^c	Functional Limitation	IADL or BADL score lower than baseline values
Bowling [19]	Functional Decline	• BADL Score^d	Functional Limitation	IADL or BADL score lower than baseline values
Lattanzio [16]	Short Physical Performance Battery	• Slow walking speed test (scored 0–4)	Good, Intermediate or Poor physical performance	Grouping by SPPB Score: 0–4, 5–8 and 9-12
		• Chair stand test(scored 0–4)
		• Balance test (scored 0–4)

BADL Basic Activities of Daily Living, BMI body mass index, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, IADL Instrumental activities of daily living, MET metabolic equivalent tasks SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery, SAQ Seattle Angina Questionnaire. SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.

^aSAQ scored from 0-100, High Score denotes better physical function.

^bBruce Protocol: maximum exercise capacity determined by total number of MET achieved in test.

^cIADLs list: using the telephone, light housework, heavy housework, preparing meals, shopping and managing money.

^dBADL list: bathing, transferring out of a bed or chair, eating, toileting and dressing.