Table 3.
Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis measures the risk of depression among COPD patients
|
Variable |
Number of depression |
Incidence per 1,000 person-years |
Crude HR |
aHR* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||
| Age |
|
|
|
|
| <50 |
770 |
10.91 |
0.80 (0.72–0.88) |
1.15 (1.02–1.28) |
| 50–69 |
1043 |
12.01 |
0.91 (0.83–1.00) |
1.11 (1.01–1.23) |
| ≥70 |
819 |
14.02 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
| Female |
1305 |
13.64 |
1.23 (1.15–1.33) |
1.19 (1.10–1.28) |
| Male |
1327 |
11.04 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Monthly income |
|
|
|
|
| Low |
1189 |
13.14 |
1.41 (1.16–1.72) |
1.23 (1.01–1.67) |
| Median |
1333 |
11.75 |
1.11 (1.03–1.20) |
1.09 (1.00–1.18) |
| High |
110 |
9.25 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Level of urbanization |
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
1473 |
12.34 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Suburban |
821 |
11.80 |
0.95 (0.88–1.04) |
0.95 (0.87–1.04) |
| Rural |
328 |
12.60 |
1.01 (0.90–1.14) |
0.98 (0.87–1.11) |
| Hospitalization |
|
|
|
|
| Outpatients |
2418 |
11.94 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Inpatient |
214 |
15.95 |
1.29 (1.12–1.48) |
1.16 (1.01–1.34) |
| Comorbidity |
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1470 |
10.72 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Yes |
1162 |
14.76 |
1.35 (1.25–1.46) |
1.12 (1.03–1.23) |
| Arthritis |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1795 |
10.91 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Yes |
837 |
16.33 |
1.47 (1.36–1.60) |
1.32 (1.21–1.44) |
| Diabetes |
|
|
|
|
| No |
2180 |
11.71 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Yes |
452 |
15.24 |
1.27 (1.15–1.41) |
1.10 (0.99–1.23) |
| Heart disease |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1619 |
10.35 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Yes |
1013 |
17.03 |
1.61 (1.49–1.75) |
1.47 (1.35–1.61) |
| Chronic kidney disease |
|
|
|
|
| No |
2571 |
12.10 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Yes |
61 |
17.75 |
1.41 (1.09–1.81) |
1.14 (0.88–1.47) |
| Cancer |
|
|
|
|
| No |
2462 |
11.98 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Yes | 170 | 16.54 | 1.34 (1.15–1.56) | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) |
*Adjusted for all variables in the model.