Table 2.
Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of patient sample: distribution by gender in diabetic (n = 247) and non-diabetic (n = 2212) individuals
| Women (1308/128) | Men (904/119) | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic |
47.6 ± 15.9 |
48.2 ± 16.0 |
47.9 ± 15.9 |
| • Diabetic |
64.4 ± 10.7 |
62.4 ± 10.8 |
63.4 ± 10.7 |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic*** |
86.8 ± 13.2 |
96.3 ± 11.3 |
90.6 ± 13.3 |
| • Diabetic* |
101.5 ± 13.5 |
105.0 ± 11.4 |
103.1 ± 12.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic*** |
26.9 ± 5.4 |
27.8 ± 4.5 |
27.3 ± 5.1 |
| • Diabetic*** |
32.2 ± 5.6 |
29.4 ± 4.4 |
31.1 ± 5.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic*** |
125.4 ± 21.0 |
135.8 ± 19.0 |
129.6 ± 20.8 |
| • Diabetic |
145.9 ± 21.1 |
148.6 ± 21.2 |
147.3 ± 21.1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic*** |
76.6 ± 11.0 |
81.1 ± 11.4 |
78.4 ± 11.4 |
| • Diabetic |
82.1 ± 11.7 |
82.1 ± 10.7 |
82.1 ± 11.2 |
| Triglycerides (mmol l-1) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic*** |
1.0 ± 0.6 |
1.3 ± 0.9 |
1.1 ± 0.7 |
| • Diabetic |
1.5 ± 0.8 |
1.9 ± 1.9 |
1.7 ± 1.4 |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic*** |
2.0 ± 0.5 |
1.7 ± 0.4 |
1.9 ± 0.5 |
| • Diabetic** |
1.7 ± 0.4 |
1.6 ± 0.4 |
1.8 ± 0.4 |
| Fasting insulin (U/l) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic** |
7.7 ± 4.6 |
8.5 ± 5.2 |
8.0 ± 4.9 |
| • Diabetic |
11.9 ± 6.2 |
10.9 ± 6.5 |
11.4 ± 6.3 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol l-1) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic*** |
4.9 ± 0.6 |
5.1 ± 0.6 |
5.0 ± 0.6 |
| • Diabetic* |
7.8 ± 2.4 |
8.1 ± 2.5 |
8.0 ± 2.5 |
| HOMA-IR (units) |
|
|
|
| • Non-diabetic |
1.9 ± 1.0 |
2.1 ± 1.2 |
2.0 ± 1.1 |
| • Diabetic* |
1.9 ± 1.0 |
1.7 ± 1.1 |
1.9 ± 1.1 |
| Metabolic syndrome |
|
|
|
| ATPIII** |
11.1% (159) |
14.9% (152) |
12.7% (311) |
| • Non-diabetic** |
7.6% (99) |
11.1% (100) |
9.0% (199) |
| • Diabetic |
46.9% (60) |
43.7% (52) |
45.3% (112) |
| IDF*** |
12.1% (174) |
19.2% (196) |
15.0% (370) |
| • Non-diabetic*** |
8.7% (114) |
14.9% (135) |
11.3% (249) |
| • Diabetic | 46.9% (60) | 51.3% (61) | 49.0% (121) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or percentages (n). BMI, body mass index; HDL-Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-Cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of IR; ATPIII, Third Adult Treatment Panel; IDF, International Diabetes Federation.
Contrast of characteristics by gender was done with the follow statistical significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.