Table 2.
Boys: Dietary intake, meal patterns, weight-related behaviors, and BMI by race/ethnicity (reported in means, times per week, or percentages) (n=803)
| White n=275#* |
Hispanic n=252#* |
Hmong n=217#* |
Somali n=59#* |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Behaviors§ | |||||
| Fruits and Vegetables | |||||
| Vegetables (without potatoes) (mean servings/day, SE) | 1.4 (0.09) ab | 1.6 (0.09) a | 1.3 (0.1) b | 1.4 (0.2) ab | 0.025 |
| Fruit (no juice) (mean servings/day, SE) | 1.1 (0.07) a | 1.4 (0.07) b | 1.1 (0.07) a | 1.4 (0.1) b | <.0001 |
| Beverages | |||||
| Milk (mean servings/day, SE) | 1.5 (0.09) a | 1.0 (0.09) b | 0.7 (0.10) c | 1.3 (0.20) ab | <.0001 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages (mean servings/day, SE) | 0.8 (0.05) a | 0.8 (0.06) a | 0.5 (0.06) b | 0.8 (0.1) a | 0.0002 |
| Energy drinks (≥ 1 times/week) (%, SE) | 16.7% (0.02)a | 13.7% (0.02) a | 14.7% (0.02) a | 30.2% (0.06) b | 0.025 |
| Sports drinks (≥1 times/week) (%, SE) | 36.9% (0.03) ab | 46.8% (0.04) a | 36.0% (0.04) b | 64.2% (0.07) c | 0.001 |
| Meal patterns | |||||
| Fast food (mean times/week, SE) | 2.7 (0.23) a | 3.4 (0.23) b | 2.7 (0.25) a | 6.3 (0.48) c | <.0001 |
| Breakfast intake (mean days/week, SE) | 4.6 (0.20) a | 4.2 (0.20) ab | 3.9 (0.22) b | 5.5 (0.37) c | 0.0004 |
| Weight related behaviors and BMI§ | |||||
| Body satisfaction (Mean, SE)± | 45.8 (0.81) a | 44.1 (0.80) a | 38.6 (0.88) b | 46.8 (1.65) a | <.0001 |
| Dieted to lose weight (%, SE) | 21.8% (0.02) a | 32.9% (0.03) b | 41.9% (0.03) b | 34.2% (0.06) ab | 0.0006 |
| Unhealthy weight control behaviors in the past year (%, SE)∞ | 31.4% (0.03) a | 34.3% (0.03) ab | 47.5% (0.04) c | 54.7% (0.07) c | 0.0009 |
| Overweight Status (≥ 85th percentile | 32.9% (0.03)a | 46.6% (0.03) b | 50.7% (0.03) b | 22.8% (0.06) a | <.0001 |
#
Sample size varies due to incidental missing
*
Different superscripts indicate statistical differences between groups
§
Models are adjusted for SES, age, and school as a random effect
±
Score Mean 44.7 (SD 13.1); range 13–65; higher score indicates higher level of body satisfaction
∞
Unhealthy weight control behaviors include fasting, eating very little food, taking diet pills, vomiting, using laxatives, diuretic, using food substitute, skipping meals, and smoking more cigarettes to lose weight.