Table 3.
Girls: Dietary intake, meal patterns, weight-related behaviors, and BMI by race/ethnicity (reported in means, times per week, or percentages) (n=869)
| White n=245#* |
Hispanic n=310#* |
Hmong n=260#* |
Somali n=54#* |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Behaviors§ | |||||
| Fruits and Vegetables | |||||
| Vegetables (without potatoes) (mean servings/day, SE) | 1.6 (0.1) a | 1.7 (0.1) a | 1.3 (0.1) b | 1.9 (0.2) a | 0.003 |
| Fruit (without juice) (mean servings/day, SE) | 1.2 (0.08) a | 1.5 (0.07) b | 1.2 (0.08)a | 1.9 (0.1)c | <.0001 |
| Beverages | |||||
| Milk (mean servings/day, SE) | 1.2 (0.07) a | 0.9 (0.06) b | 0.5 (0.06) c | 1.0 (0.1) b | <.0001 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages (mean servings/day, SE) | 0.8 (0.06) a | 0.7 (0.05) a | 0.4 (0.06) b | 0.6 (0.1) ab | <.0001 |
| Energy drinks (≥ 1 times/week) (%, SE) | 8.6% (0.02) | 12.5% (0.02) | 8.6% (0.02) | 19.8% (0.06) | 0.070 |
| Sports drinks (≥ 1 times/week) (%, SE) | 20.2% (0.03)a | 34.5% (0.03) b | 25.6% (0.03) a | 25.0% (0.06) ab | 0.007 |
| Meal Patterns | |||||
| Fast food (mean times/week, SE) | 2.3 (0.26) a | 3.6 (0.22) b | 2.3 (0.25) a | 4.9 (0.50) b | <.0001 |
| Breakfast intake (mean days/week, SE) | 4.3 (0.19) | 4.0 (0.16) | 3.7 (0.18) | 4.3 (0.37) | 0.175 |
| Weight related behaviors and BMI§ | |||||
| Body satisfaction (Mean, SE) ± | 41.3 (0.88) a | 42.1 (0.74) a | 38.4 (0.82) b | 43.8 (1.73) a | 0.002 |
| Dieted to lose weight (%, SE) | 44.4% (0.03) a | 45.6% (0.03) ab | 60.9% (0.03) c | 54.4% (0.07) | 0.001 |
| Unhealthy weight control behaviors in the past year (%, SE) ∞ | 46.5% (0.03) a | 45.5% (0.03) a | 65.5% (0.03) b | 63.0% (0.07) b | <.0001 |
| Overweight Status (≥ 85th percentile) (%, SE) | 32.8% (0.03) ac | 41.0% (0.03) ab | 28.5% (0.03) c | 41.3% (0.07) b | 0.018 |
#
Sample size varies due to incidental missing
*
Different superscripts indicate statistical differences between groups.
§
Models are adjusted for SES, age, and school as a random effect
±
Score Mean 42.9 (SD 13.1); range 13–65; higher score indicates higher level of body satisfaction
∞
Unhealthy weight control behaviors include fasting, eating very little food, taking diet pills, vomiting, using laxatives, diuretic, using food substitute, skipping meals, and smoking more cigarettes to lose weight.