Table 5.
Brain region | P1 | P3 | P6 | P12 | P24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Olfactory system | |||||
Endopiriform nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Olfactory bulb | |||||
Glomerular layer | − | − | − | + | − |
Mitral cell layer | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Int. granular layer | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Accessory olfactory bulb | − | − | − | − | − |
Anterior olfactory nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Olfactory tubercle | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ |
Islands of Calleja | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Cerebral cortex | |||||
Piriform cortex | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Entorhinal cortex | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Marginal zone | − | − | np | np | np |
Cortical plate | +++ | +++ | np | np | np |
Subplate | + | ++ | np | np | np |
Alternative layer II/III | np | np | ++ | + | + |
Alternative layer IV | np | np | +++ | + | + |
Alternative layer V | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Alternative layer VI | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | +++ |
Hippocampal formation | |||||
Subiculum | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
CA1 | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
CA2/CA3 | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Dentate gyrus granule cells | + | + | + | + | + |
Tenia tecta | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Basal nuclei | |||||
Caudate putamen | + | + | + | + | + |
Globus pallidus | − | − | − | − | − |
Entopeduncular nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Nucleus accumbens | − | − | − | − | − |
Claustrum | − | − | − | + | + |
Substantia nigra | |||||
Pars reticolata | − | + | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Pars compacta | − | − | − | − | − |
Septum | |||||
Septum | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Bed nucleus stria terminalis | + | + | + | + | + |
Amygdala | |||||
Anterior amygdaloid area | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Medial amygdaloid nucleus | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus | + | + | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Amygdalohippocampal area | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Amygdalopiriform transition | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Central amygdaloid nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Thalamus | |||||
Reticular thalamic nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Anterodorsal nucleus | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Anteroventral nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Anteromedial nucleus | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Laterodorsal nucleus | + | − | − | + | ++ |
Paratenial nucleus | • | • | + | + | + |
Mediodorsal nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Ventrolateral nucleus | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Paraventricular nucleus, anterior | • | • | • | − | − |
Paraventricular nucleus, posterior | • | • | • | + | + |
Central medial nucleus | − | − | − | + | + |
Ventromedial nucleus | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus | • | • | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus | • | • | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Posterior thalamic nucleus | • | • | + | + | ++ |
Centrolateral nucleus | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Parafascicular nucleus | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ |
Lateral geniculate nucleus, dorsal | • | • | ++ | + | + |
Lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral | • | • | + | + | ++ |
Medial geniculate nucleus | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Lateroposterior nucleus | − | − | + | ++ | ++ |
Habenula | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Hypothalamus | |||||
Preoptic nuclei | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ |
Magnocellular preoptic nucleus | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Anterior hypothalamic area | − | − | − | − | − |
Lateral hypothalamic area | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Arcuate nucleus | − | − | − | − | − |
Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus | + | + | + | + | + |
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus | + | + | + | + | + |
Tuberomammillary nucleus | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Premammillary nucleus | + | + | + | + | + |
Medial mammillary nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Lateral mammillary nucleus | − | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Magnocellular nucleus of lateral hypothalamus | • | • | − | − | − |
Zona incerta | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Brainstem | |||||
Reticular formation and related tegmental nuclei | |||||
Medullary reticular formation | • | • | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Gigantocellular reticular nucleus | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Paragigantocellular reticular nucleus | • | • | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Intermediate reticular nucleus | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Parvocellular reticular nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Pontine reticular formation | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Dorsomedial tegmental field | • | • | + | + | ++ |
Laterodorsal tegmental nuclei | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Dorsal tegmental nucleus | − | − | + | ++ | ++ |
Monoaminergic systems | |||||
Dorsal raphe nucleus | − | − | − | ++ | ++ |
Locus coeruleus | − | − | − | − | − |
Ventral tegmental area | − | − | − | − | − |
Nuclei associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, and other autonomic functions | |||||
Nucleus of the solitary tract | + | + | + | + | + |
Parabrachial nucleus | − | − | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus | − | − | − | − | − |
Ambiguus nucleus | • | • | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Orofacial motor nuclei | |||||
Motor trigeminal nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Facial nucleus | + | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Hypoglossal nucleus | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Nuclei belonging to the somatosensory system | |||||
Gracile/cuneate nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Spinal trigeminal nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Nuclei belonging to the auditory system | |||||
Cochlear nuclei | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Lateral superior olive | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Nucleus trapezoid body | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Nuclei of the lateral lemniscus | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Inferior colliculus | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Nuclei belonging to the visual system | |||||
Superior colliculus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Parabigeminal nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Vestibular and precerebellar nuclei | |||||
Vestibular nuclei | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Pontine nuclei | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Inferior olivary nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Red nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Cerebellum | |||||
Deep nuclei | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Purkinje cells | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ |
Golgi cells | − | − | − | − | − |
Granule cells | − | − | + | ++ | ++ |
+++, strong; ++, moderate; +, weak; −, signals very low or below the threshold limit of detection; np, not present; •, not clearly identifiable.