Table 6.
Brain region | P1 | P3 | P6 | P12 | P24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Olfactory system | |||||
Endopiriform nucleus | ++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Olfactory bulb | |||||
Glomerular layer | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Mitral cell layer | ++ | + | + | + | ++ |
Int. granular layer | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Accessory olfactory bulb | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Anterior olfactory nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Olfactory tubercle | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ |
Islands of Calleja | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Cerebral cortex | |||||
Piriform cortex | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Entorhinal cortex | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Marginal zone | ++ | − | np | np | np |
Cortical plate | ++ | +++ | np | np | np |
Subplate | ++ | +++ | np | np | np |
Alternative layer II/III | np | np | ++ | +++ | + |
Alternative layer IV | np | np | ++ | + | + |
Alternative layer V | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | + |
Alternative layer VI | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | ++ |
Hippocampal formation | |||||
Subiculum | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
CA1 | − | + | ++ | +++ | − |
CA2/CA3 | − | − | + | ++ | + |
Dentate gyrus granule cells | − | − | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Tenia tecta | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Basal nuclei | |||||
Caudate putamen | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Globus pallidus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Entopeduncular nucleus | − | − | − | − | − |
Nucleus accumbens | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Claustrum | − | − | + | ++ | ++ |
Substantia nigra | |||||
Pars reticulata | ++ | ++ | − | − | − |
Pars compacta | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Septum | |||||
Septum | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Bed nucleus stria terminalis | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Amygdala | |||||
Anterior amygdaloid area | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ |
Medial amygdaloid nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ |
Amygdalohippocampal area | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Amygdalopiriform transition | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Central amygdaloid nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Thalamus | |||||
Reticular thalamic nucleus | − | − | − | − | − |
Anterodorsal nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Anteroventral nucleus | + | + | + | + | +++ |
Anteromedial nucleus | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Laterodorsal nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Paratenial nucleus | • | • | ++ | ++ | +++ |
Mediodorsal nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ |
Ventrolateral nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ |
Paraventricular nucleus, anterior | • | • | +++ | ++ | +++ |
Paraventricular nucleus, posterior | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Central medial nucleus | − | − | ++ | ++ | +++ |
Ventromedial nucleus | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus | • | • | +++ | +++ | ++ |
Ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Posterior thalamic nucleus | • | • | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Centrolateral nucleus | • | • | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Parafascicular nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Lateral geniculate nucleus, dorsal | • | • | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Medial geniculate nucleus | • | • | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Lateroposterior nucleus | − | − | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Habenula | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Hypothalamus | |||||
Preoptic nuclei | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Magnocellular preoptic nucleus | • | • | + | ++ | ++ |
Anterior hypothalamic area | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ |
Lateral hypothalamic area | • | • | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Arcuate nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ |
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Tuberomammillary nucleus | • | • | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Premammillary nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Medial mammillary nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Lateral mammillary nucleus | + | + | + | +++ | +++ |
Magnocellular nucleus of lateral hypothalamus | • | • | − | − | ++ |
Zona incerta | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + |
Brainstem | |||||
Reticular formation and related tegmental nuclei | |||||
Medullary reticular formation | • | • | + | + | + |
Gigantocellular reticular nucleus | + | + | + | + | + |
Paragigantocellular reticular nucleus | • | • | − | − | − |
Intermediate reticular nucleus | • | • | − | − | − |
Parvocellular reticular nucleus | − | − | − | − | − |
Pontine reticular formation | − | − | − | − | − |
Dorsomedial tegmental field | • | • | − | − | − |
Laterodorsal tegmental nuclei | • | • | +++ | • | +++ |
Dorsal tegmental nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | • | +++ |
Monoaminergic systems | |||||
Dorsal raphe nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Locus coeruleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Ventral tegmental area | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Nuclei associated with respiratory, cardiovascular and other autonomic functions | |||||
Nucleus of the solitary tract | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Parabrachial nucleus | − | − | − | − | − |
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus | − | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Ambiguus nucleus | • | • | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Orofacial motor nuclei | |||||
Motor trigeminal nucleus | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ |
Facial nucleus | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Hypoglossal nucleus | ++ | ++ | ++ | • | ++ |
Nuclei belonging to the somatosensory system | |||||
Gracile/cuneate nucleus | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus | − | − | − | − | − |
Spinal trigeminal nucleus | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | + |
Nuclei belonging to the auditory system | |||||
Cochlear nuclei | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Lateral superior olive | − | − | − | − | − |
Nucleus trapezoid body | − | − | − | − | − |
Nuclei of the lateral lemniscus | − | − | − | − | − |
Inferior colliculus | ++ | ++ | + | − | − |
Nuclei belonging to the visual system | |||||
Superior colliculus | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | + |
Parabigeminal nucleus | − | − | − | − | − |
Vestibular and precerebellar nuclei | |||||
Vestibular nuclei | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Pontine nuclei | + | + | + | + | − |
Inferior olivary nucleus | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Red nucleus | − | − | − | − | − |
Cerebellum | |||||
Deep nuclei | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + |
Purkinje cells | − | − | − | −− | − |
Golgi cells | − | + | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Granule cells | + | + | + | ++ | − |
+++, strong; ++, moderate; +, weak; −, signals very low or below the threshold limit of detection; np, not present; •, not clearly identifiable.