Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory data in patients with type 1 diabetes and control subjects
| Type 1 diabetes | Control | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Demographic data | |||
| N (% male) |
127 (45.7) |
125 (40.8) |
0.4 |
| Age (years) |
32 (23–42) |
29 (22–39.5) |
0.08 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) |
15 (10–22) |
|
|
| Duration of diabetes (years) |
14 (10–21.8) |
|
|
| Past history of hypertension (%) |
24.8% |
|
|
| Current smoke (%) |
9.6 |
10.4 |
0.8 |
| Current alcohol consumption (%) |
30.4 |
58.3 |
<0.001 |
| Current exercise practice (%) |
42,4 |
50.6 |
0.3 |
|
Family history | |||
| Family history of type 2 diabetes (%) |
29,8 |
25.2 |
0.5 |
| Family history of type 1 diabetes (%) |
19.2 |
18.3 |
0.9 |
| Family history of hypertension (%) |
64 |
52.2 |
0.07 |
| Family history of CVD (%) |
21 |
13 |
0.1 |
|
Anthropometric data and insulin dose | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) |
23.6 (21.6-26.2) |
24.3 (21.6-28) |
0.2 |
| SBP (mmHg) |
120 (110–125.8) |
113 (105–120) |
0.06 |
| DBP (mmHg) |
70 (70–80) |
70 (68.5-80) |
0.2 |
| Waist (cm) |
81 (74–88) |
81 (73.1-89.9) |
0.9 |
| WHR |
0.86 (0.8-0.9) |
0.85 (0.79-0.91) |
0.5 |
| Insulin/weight (U/Kg) |
0.81 (0.59-1.07) |
|
|
|
Laboratory data | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) |
117 (78–260) |
78 (70.5-85.5) |
<0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) |
8.9 (7.8-10.5) |
5.4 (5.2-5.8) |
<0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) |
0.86 (0.7-1.0) |
0.93 (0.77-1.09) |
0.007 |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) |
112.7 (88.5-131.3) |
103.5 (87.4-119.4) |
0.1 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) |
3.7 (2.9-4.5) |
5.1 (4.0-6.3) |
<0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
163 (148–189) |
167.5 (146–197.8) |
0.3 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) |
74.5 (57–108.8) |
91 (68–129.5) |
0.05 |
| HDL (mg/dL) |
55.7 (44.7-67.4) |
54.9 (44.1-65.8) |
0.3 |
| LDL (mg/dL) |
90.1 (74.9-105.3) |
96 (73.3-115.5) |
0.07 |
| CRP (mg/dL) |
0.144 (0.066-0.340) |
0.120 (0.030-0.320) |
0.2 |
| UAER (mcg/min) |
8.56 (4.31-25.33) |
3.39 (2.11-5.99) |
<0.001 |
|
IMT data | |||
| IMT on the right (mm) |
0.533 (0.497-0.600) |
0.513 (0.478-0.555) |
0.002 |
| IMT on the left (mm) |
0.530 (0.490-0.610) |
0.510 (0.475-0.562) |
0.005 |
| Total IMT (mm) | 0.538 (0.500-0.607) | 0.513 (0.481-0.557) | 0.001 |
N = Number, CVD = Cardiovascular disease, BMI = Body mass index, SBP = Systolic blood pressure, DBP = Diastolic blood pressure, WHR = Waist to hip ratio, U = International units, HbA1c = Glycated hemoglobin, HDL = High density lipoprotein, LDL = Low density lipoprotein, CRP = C reactive protein, UAER = Urinary Albumin excretion rate, IMT = intima media thickness. Data are presented in median and interquartile range (IQR).