Table 2.

Statistics of the comparative anatomy of palmaris longus.

Taxon	PAF	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\text{R}{\text{F}}_{\text{1}}\times P_{\mathrm{1}}+\text{R}{\text{F}}_{\text{2}}\times P_{\mathrm{2}}+\text{R}{\text{F}}_{\text{3}}\times P_{\mathrm{3}}+\text{R}{\text{F}}_{\text{4}}\times P_{\mathrm{4}}+\text{R}{\text{F}}_{\text{5}}\times P_{\mathrm{5}}}{P_{\mathrm{1}}+P_{\mathrm{2}}+P_{\mathrm{3}}+P_{\mathrm{4}}+P_{\mathrm{5}}}$	CAI = |PAFi − PAFii|
Propithecus sp.	1	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{14}}$	Reference (most primitive characters)
Lemur catta	1	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{14}}$	0
Callithrix sp.	1	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{14}}$	0
Sapajus sp.	1	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{14}}$	0
Ateles sp.	1	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{14}}$	0
Macaca fuscata	0.964	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{0.5}}{\mathrm{14}}$	0.036
Pongo sp.	0.964	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{0.5}}{\mathrm{14}}$	0.036
Modern humans	0.947	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{0.878}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{0.5}}{\mathrm{14}}$	0.053
Pan sp.	0.918	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{0.678}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{0.5}}{\mathrm{14}}$	0.082
Gorilla sp.	0.867	$\text{PAF}=\frac{\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{4}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{1}+\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{0.316}+\mathrm{1}\times \mathrm{0.5}}{\mathrm{14}}$	0.133

PAF is the weighted average of frequencies; CAI is Comparative Anatomy Index.