Table 5.
Summary statistics for potential moderators of cognitive change
| Variable | N @ T1 | Mean | SD | Alpha | T1–T3 Corr. | Std. Coeff. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Age2 | ||||||
| Average Health | 4799 | 1.9 | 0.8 | .67 | .58 | .23* | .06* |
| Average Vision | 4753 | 52.2 | 39.3 | .71 | .39 | .42* | .00 |
| CES-D | 4630 | 11.6 | 8.7 | .90 | .57 | −.17* | −.01 |
| Anxiety | 3797 | 36.0 | 10.5 | .93 | .74 | −.25* | −.06* |
| PANAS-Positive | 3839 | 30.8 | 7.9 | .89 | .54 | .17* | −.04 |
| PANAS-Negative | 3839 | 13.3 | 5.0 | .89 | .47 | −.16* | −.01 |
| Dysexecutive Quest. | 3847 | 20.1 | 13.1 | .90 | .65 | −.21* | .05* |
| Emotional Stability | 3847 | 34.1 | 8.0 | .87 | .68 | .19* | .03 |
| Extraversion | 3847 | 31.9 | 7.6 | .85 | .74 | −.00 | .04 |
| Openness | 3847 | 36.3 | 6.4 | .79 | .71 | −.09* | .01 |
| Agreeableness | 3847 | 40.7 | 5.8 | .77 | .61 | .07* | −.08* |
| Conscientiousness | 3847 | 36.9 | 6.4 | .79 | .71 | .17* | −.10* |
| Busyness | 2559 | 20.7 | 5.6 | .88 | .58 | −.31* | −.16* |
| Routine | 2558 | 13.5 | 3.3 | .79 | .58 | .30* | −.07* |
| Need for Cognition | 4802 | 61.6 | 12.8 | .85 | .72 | −.06* | −.00 |
| Life Satisfaction | 3396 | 22.9 | 7.2 | .90 | .71 | .13* | .14* |
| Memory Rating | 4124 | 4.2 | 0.9 | .73 | .57 | −.15* | .08* |
| Thinking Rating | 3484 | 5.2 | 1.3 | .71 | .52 | −.10* | .08* |
| Cognitive Activities | 4705 | 37.4 | 22.5 | NA | .36 | −.06* | −.06* |
| Walking (74.5) | 3600 | 7.3 | 11.6 | NA | .23 | .00 | −.04 |
| Yard Work (60.7) | 3600 | 7.3 | 16.2 | NA | .35 | .13* | −.04 |
| Calisthenics (32.2) | 3599 | 2.2 | 7.2 | NA | .12 | −.09* | .10* |
| Running (22.4) | 3600 | 1.4 | 4.0 | NA | .30 | −.27* | .11* |
| Aerobics (15.9) | 3599 | 1.1 | 3.6 | NA | .23 | .02 | .03 |
| Swimming (21.0) | 3599 | 1.4 | 6.4 | NA | .20 | −.05* | .03 |
| Tennis (7.1) | 3597 | 1.0 | 26.6 | NA | .22 | .02 | .02 |
| Rowing (3.4) | 3598 | 0.1 | 1.5 | NA | .36 | .01 | .01 |
| Cycling (16.1) | 3597 | 1.4 | 9.6 | NA | .33 | −.03 | .02 |
| Sports (18.9) | 3591 | 2.7 | 11.0 | NA | .31 | −.03 | .08* |
| All Physical Activity (94.5) | 3586 | 25.1 | 28.8 | NA | .36 | −.03 | .04* |
Note: See text for descriptions of the variables. Cognitive activities are in hours per week, and physical activities are in hours per month. Numbers in parentheses for physical activity variables are the percentages of participants with non-zero values for that activity. NA indicates that the value is not applicable.
*
p<.01.