Table 9.

Simultaneous relations (standardized) of predictors of latent level and latent change in different cognitive abilities, controlling age, sex, and education

	Level			d			Change			d
	Y 18–39	M 40–64	O 65–99	Y-M	M-O	Y-O	Y 18–39	M 40–64	O 65–99	Y-M	M-O	Y-O
F1-Negative Affect (Higher scores correspond to lower levels of negative affect)
Memory	−.04	.04	.06	.04	.02	.06	−.14	.38	−.29	.05	−.11^	−.06
Speed	−.05	.12	−.02	.09^	−.08	.01	−.20	−.19	.05	.01	.04	.04
Vocabulary	−.15*	−.04	−.04	.07	−.01	.06	.38	−.19	−.25	−.06	−.04	−.08
F2-Openness (Higher scores correspond to higher levels of openness)
Memory	−.02	−.03	−.07	−.00	−.02	−.02	.34	−.14	.30	−.04	.07	.03
Speed	.09	.14	.07	.02	−.03	−.01	.43	−.02	.33	−.06	.06	.02
Vocabulary	.05	.06	.09	.00	.01	.02	.16	.26	−.43	.01	−.10	−.08
F3-Self Efficacy (Higher scores correspond to higher self ratings of memory and thinking)
Memory	.30*	.24*	.34*	−.05	.06	.01	.11	−.10	−.50	−.02	−.10^	−.10
Speed	.12	.03	.14	−.04	.06	.02	−.15	.29	−.20	.04	−.07	−.02
Vocabulary	.30*	.20*	.22*	−.05	.00	−.05	.03	−.31	.62*	−.03	.14^	−.11^
F4-Busy (Higher scores correspond to greater self-reported busyness)
Memory	−.08	−.04	.05	.02	.06	.08	−.39	.09	−.19	.04	−.06	−.02
Speed	−.02	−.03	.07	−.01	.07	.06	−.23	.09	.03	.04	−.00	.04
Vocabulary	−.09	−.09*	−.03	−.02	.05	.03	.09	.00	−.24	−.01	−.07	−.06

Note:

^*p<.01. Estimates of effect sizes (d) of the group difference are derived from the standard errors of the unstandardized coefficients.

^{^}indicates that the difference in raw regression coefficients was significant at p<.01.