Table 2.

Lipid metabolism alterations in Helicobacter pylori infection

Year	Ref.	Population	No. of cases	No.of controls	Results	Comments
			(H. pylori positive)	(H. pylori negative)
1996	[37]	Finnish	72	62	T level was higher, HDL-C was lower in controls and H. pylori positive patients with confirmed CHD	H. pylori could modify lipid concentrations in a way that could increase the risk of CHD
1999	[38]	Finnish	467	423	Serum T and total C was higher in males infected with H. pylori	Adjustment for age, BMI and social class had no influence on the association
2003	[39]	Italian	144	65	Total and LDL-C and lipoprotein A increased in infected subjects	The differences persisted after adjustment for covariates, especially in cagA+ cases
2003	[40]	French	82	56	Trend to lower total C in infected cases; duodenal ulcer cases has lower C than H. pylori positive or negative dyspeptic patients	HDL-C, LDL-C , apoA and B all were lower in duodenal ulcer patients
2008	[41]	Greek			DU patients have lower C as compared with dyspepsia cases, regardless of H. pylori status	None
2009	[42]	Chinese	668	383	HDL-C were lower in H. pylori positive cases	No association of H. pylori with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis
2009	[43]	Turkish	163	81	Total C and LDL-C were significantly higher in H. pylori positive cases	A positive correlation was found between LDL-C and updated Sydney System score
2010	[44]	Japanese	2375	2702	LDL-C levels were higher, HDL-C lower in H. pylori positive cases in males but not in females	In Japanese males, high LDL and low HDL-C is significantly associated with H. pylori infection
2011	[45]	South Korea	193	261	Total C, LDL-C levels were higher in H. pylori positive cases; no association with HDL and T was found	The OR of H. pylori infection for high LDL-C level was 3.1

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density liporotein; BMI: Body mass index; DU: Duodenal ulcer.