Table 1.
Participant Characteristics Overall and by Gender
| Overall (N = 592) | Female (N = 296) | Male (N = 296) | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 20.0 ± 3.36 | 18.7 ± 1.63 | 21.3 ± 4.06 | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 296 (50.0%) | — | ||
| Female | 296 (50.0%) | — | — | |
| Household income | $15,471 ± $18,870 | $13,497 ± 15,530 | $17,439 ± $21,541 | 0.005 |
| Currently in school | 196 (33.2%) | 117 (39.5%) | 79 (26.9%) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 261 (44.1%) | 117 (39.5%) | 144 (48.6%) | |
| Hispanic | 225 (38.0%) | 117 (39.5%) | 108 (36.5%) | 0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 81 (13.7%) | 50 (16.9%) | 31 (10.5%) | |
| Other | 25 (4.2%) | 12 (4.1%) | 13 (4.4%) | |
| Parity | ||||
| First baby | 454 (77.3%) | 233 (79.0%) | 221 (75.7%) | 0.308 |
| Not first baby | 133 (22.7%) | 62 (21.0%) | 71 (24.3%) | |
| Avoidant attachment | 47.7 ± 16.17 | 46.4 ± 15.74 | 48.9 ± 16.51 | 0.034 |
| Anxious attachment | 58.4 ± 20.35 | 61.1 ± 21.57 | 55.8 ± 18.71 | 0.001 |
| Depressive symptoms | 9.7 ± 7.06 | 10.6 ± 7.39 | 8.9 ± 6.62 | 0.002 |
Note.
a
p-values derived from paired t tests for continuous variables and McNemar’s tests for categorical variables to determine differences between gender.