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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 12.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Oncol. 2014 Jan;26(1):92–99. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000035

Figure 3. Downstream effects of amino acid catabolism on tumor and immune cells.

Figure 3

Amino acid depletion and catabolite production have profound downstream effects on tumor and immune cells by triggering pathways that impact cell growth, proliferation, survival and cellular stress responses. Trp catabolites activate the AhR pathway but metabolites produced by other enzymes depicted may mediate critical effects via other pathways