Table 2. Effects of specific electron transport chain substrates and inhibitors on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production with dietary restriction.

Complex I substrates PM, the complex II substrate S, the Complex I inhibitor R and the complex III inhibitor AA are common in studies of DR and ROS production. DR tends to reduce ROS production at Complex I when respiring on PM and Complex III when respiring on S. Substrates/inhibitors: pyruvate/malate (PM), succinate (S), antimycin A (AA), rotenone (R).

Substrate/Inhibitor	% Decrease	% No change
PM (n=38)	32	68
PM AA (n=8)	13	88
PM R (n=16)	38	63
S (n=38)	39	61
S AA (n=25)	60	36
S R (n=14)	21	79