Table 3.

Adjusted Estimated Means (SE) of DAS28-CRP3 and MHAQ by Smoking and Alcohol Consumption ^*

		DAS28-CRP3	P	MHAQ	P
Smoking status
All RA (n=662)	Never	3.23±0.06	Referent	0.35±0.02	Referent
	Past	3.36±0.07	0.11	0.37±0.02	0.31
	Current	3.18±0.13	0.70	0.40±0.03	0.13
Seropositive RA (n=485)	Never	3.43±0.07	Referent	0.37±0.02	Referent
	Past	3.55±0.07	0.22	0.40±0.02	0.33
	Current	3.33±0.15	0.54	0.46±0.04	0.05
Seronegative RA (n=173)	Never	2.78±0.09	Referent	0.28±0.03	Referent
	Past	2.95±0.12	0.28	0.29±0.03	0.85
	Current	3.16±0.24	0.14	0.23±0.06	0.40
Alcohol intake (gm/day)
All RA (n=615)	None	3.32±0.07	Referent	0.40±0.02	Referent
	0.1–5.0	3.28±0.07	0.55	0.38±0.02	0.16
	5.1–10.0	3.21±0.09	0.24	0.34±0.02	0.02
	>10.0	3.22±0.09	0.30	0.37±0.02	0.17
	P trend		0.22		0.03
Seropositive RA (n=448)	None	3.53±0.08	Referent	0.44±0.02	Referent
	0.1–5.0	3.43±0.08	0.21	0.40±0.02	0.07
	5.1–10.0	3.33±0.11	0.09	0.38±0.03	0.04
	>10.0	3.45±0.11	0.53	0.40±0.03	0.17
	P trend		0.30		0.14
Seronegative RA (n=163)	None	2.92±0.13	Referent	0.31±0.04	Referent
	0.1–5.0	3.05±0.12	0.30	0.29±0.03	0.63
	5.1–10.0	3.00±0.15	0.64	0.22±0.04	0.04
	>10.0	2.88±0.15	0.80	0.25±0.04	0.16
	P trend		0.24		0.07

^*Adjusted for age, gender, race, education, disease duration, baseline DAS28-CRP3 or MHAQ, body mass index, prednisolone, DMARD (biologic and non-biologic) and NSAID use. The estimates of smoking and alcohol were adjusted for each other.