Table 4.
Adjusted Estimated Means (SE) of DAS28-CRP3 and MHAQ by smoking and alcohol consumption, stratified by HLA-SE status*
| DAS28-CRP3
|
MHAQ
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HLA-SE+ | p | HLA-SE− | p | HLA-SE+ | p | HLA-SE− | p | ||
| Smoking | Never | 3.34±0.08 | Referent | 3.04±0.09 | Referent | 0.38±0.02 | Referent | 0.31±0.02 | Referent |
| Past | 3.56±0.09 | 0.03 | 2.98±0.10 | 0.64 | 0.41±0.02 | 0.27 | 0.32±0.02 | 0.71 | |
| Current | 3.55±0.16 | 0.20 | 2.54±0.25 | 0.05 | 0.46±0.04 | 0.09 | 0.31±0.06 | 0.98 | |
| Alcohol (gm/day) | None | 3.54±0.10 | Referent | 2.95±0.12 | Referent | 0.46±0.03 | Referent | 0.31±0.03 | Referent |
| 0.1–4.9 | 3.45±0.09 | 0.30 | 2.98±0.13 | 0.79 | 0.42±0.02 | 0.10 | 0.30±0.03 | 0.65 | |
| 5.0–9.9 | 3.45±0.12 | 0.41 | 2.75±0.15 | 0.21 | 0.38±0.03 | 0.01 | 0.30±0.04 | 0.77 | |
| ≥10.0 | 3.50±0.12 | 0.72 | 2.73±0.15 | 0.18 | 0.40±0.03 | 0.07 | 0.33±0.04 | 0.76 | |
| P trend | 0.73 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.77 | |||||
*
Adjusted for age, gender, race, education, disease duration, baseline DAS28CRP3 or MHAQ, body mass index, prednisolone, DM ARD (biologic and non-biologic) and NSAID use. The estimates of smoking and alcohol were adjusted for each other.