Table 5.

Associations with statistical significance between specific autoantibodies and clinical manifestations in SLE patients.

Author	Number of patients	Geographical area	Anti-dsDNA	Anti-Sm	Anti-RNP	Anti-SSA	Anti-SSB	Anti-rRNP	APL
Chien et al. [13]	80	Asia, China	Raynaud's phenomenon Photosensitivity Arthritis Thrombocytopenia Hypocomplementemia Proteinuria Serositis			Photosensitivity Anemia
McClain et al. [28]	130	United states							Malar rash discoid lesions photosensitivity renal disorder neurological disorder hemolytic anemia thrombocytopenia
Vila et al. [24]	201	Puerto Ricans	Vasculitis Pericardial effusion Renal involvement Anaemia Leukocytopenia Lymphocytopenia Thrombocytopenia	Skin ulcerations Elevated liver enzymes Renal involvement Thrombocytopenia		Discoid rash Serositis Pneumonitis Elevated liver enzymes Hemolytic anaemia Leukocytopenia Lymphocytopenia
Hoffman et al. [6]	289	Europe, Belgium	Urine cellular casts		Raynaud's phenomenon Leukocytopenia	Xerostomia	Xerostomia Pericarditis
Tang et al. [7]	917	Asia, China	Renal disorder Leukocytopenia Anemia	Malar rash Discoid rash Pericarditis Leukocytopenia	Raynaud's phenomenon Photosensitivity
Lu et al. [12]	1803	United states	Renal disease Urine cellular casts	Leukocytopenia		Hematological disorder Lymphocytopenia	Hematological disorder Proteinuria Malar rash
CSTAR	2104	Asia, China	Photosensitivity Nephropathy	Malar rash	PAH	Nephropathy PAH	Hematological disorder	Malar rash	Oral ulceration hematological disorder ILD

ANA: Anti-nuclear antibody; Anti-dsDNA: Anti-double stranded DNA antibody; Anti-Sm: Anti-Sm antibody; Anti-SSA: Anti-SSA antibody; Anti-SSB: Anti-SSB antibody; Anti-RNP: Anti-u1 small-nuclear RNA-protein antibody; Anti-Rrnp: Anti-ribosomal RNA-protein antibody; APL: Anti-phospholipid antibody; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; ILD: interstitial lung disease.