Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants and bivariate results of simple linear regression models predicting ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate (EI:BMRest) (n=215), Lawrence Latino Diabetes Prevention Project (LLDPP)
| Frequency/Mean | %/SD | Minimum | Maximum | b (SE)a | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variable | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 50 | 23.3 | - | |||
| Female | 165 | 76.7 | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.74 | ||
| Age (years) | 51.5 | 11.11 | 26.6 | 79.1 | −0.002 (0.002) | 0.29 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.4 | 6.0 | 21.4 | 57.2 | −0.02 (0.004) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 159.8 | 8.8 | 141.0 | 193.0 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 87.4 | 15.9 | 46.3 | 147.4 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Thin to Normal (<25) | 8 | 3.7 | - | |||
| Overweight (25–30) | 40 | 18.6 | −0.12 (0.14) | 0.39 | ||
| Obese (>30) | 167 | 77.7 | −0.23 (0.13) | 0.08 | ||
| Education | ||||||
| Never attended school | 5 | 2.4 | - | |||
| Some elementary school or high school | 122 | 59.2 | −0.18 (0.17) | 0.30 | ||
| High school or GED completed | 46 | 22.3 | −0.10 (0.17) | 0.56 | ||
| Vocational or tech school | 10 | 4.9 | 0.13 (0.20) | 0.53 | ||
| University or College | 23 | 11.2 | −0.06 (0.18) | 0.76 | ||
| Smoking in the past 3 months (yes) | 25 | 12.3 | −0.04 (0.08) | 0.60 | ||
| Marital status | - | |||||
| Single | 39 | 18.9 | −0.11 (0.07) | 0.13 | ||
| Married or Living with Partner | 107 | 51.9 | −0.12 (0.08) | 0.12 | ||
| Separated, Divorced or Widowed | 60 | 29.1 | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Full-time | 64 | 30.8 | - | |||
| Part-time | 26 | 12.5 | 0.64 (10.69) | 0.95 | ||
| Unemployed | 118 | 56.7 | 8.91 (7.20) | 0.22 | ||
| Family history of diabetes or high blood sugar | ||||||
| Father | ||||||
| No | 142 | 72.1 | - | |||
| Yes | 37 | 18. 8 | 2.43 (8.86) | 0.78 | ||
| Don't know / not sure | 18 | 9.1 | 1.07 (11.75) | 0.93 | ||
| Mother | ||||||
| No | 133 | 67.5 | - | |||
| Yes | 56 | 28.4 | 6.44 (7.48) | 0.39 | ||
| Don't know / not sure | 8 | 4.1 | −4.67 (17.07) | 0.79 | ||
| Sibling | ||||||
| No | 121 | 61.4 | - | |||
| Yes | 72 | 36.6 | −4.43 (7.05) | 0.53 | ||
| Don't know / not sure | 4 | 2.0 | −8.33 (23.84) | 0.73 | ||
| Dietary self-reported intakeb | ||||||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1540.22 | 598.95 | 367.51 | 3657.58 | 0.001 (0.005) | 0.83 |
| % calories from CHO | 56.4 | 8.9 | 24.0 | 75.0 | 0.72 (0.35) | 0.04 |
| % calories from protein | 17.7 | 5.44 | 8.48 | 60.24 | 1.59 (0.56) | 0.005 |
| % of calories from fat | 26.5 | 6.28 | 11.76 | 47.1 | −0.09 (0.50) | 0.86 |
| Estimated basal metabolic rate (kcal/day) | 1495.74 | 245.08 | 983.86 | 2238.08 | ||
| Estimated BMR * 1.20 activity factor (Kcal/day) | 1794.88 | 294.09 | 1180.64 | 1206.65 | ||
| Ratio of energy intake to estimated metabolic rate | 1.03 | 0.37 | 0.27 | 2.03 | ||
| Physical activity (metc-hours/day) | ||||||
| Total | 28.31 | 6.30 | 23.16 | 66.76 | −0.10 (0.51) | 0.84 |
| Leisure time | 0.91 | 1.36 | 0 | 10 | −0.61 (2.29) | 0.79 |
| Household | 4.37 | 2.93 | 0 | 17.58 | −0.30 (1.10) | 0.78 |
| Occupational | 4.23 | 8.93 | 0 | 55.33 | −0.07 (0.38) | 0.85 |
| Psychosocial variable | ||||||
| CES-Dd Depression score | 16.60 | 11.30 | 0 | 45 | 0.42 (0.28) | 0.14 |
| <10 | 65 | 30.23 | - | |||
| 10–15 | 38 | 17.67 | −2.46 (9.29) | 0.79 | ||
| >=16 | 112 | 52.09 | 6.73 (7.08) | 0.34 | ||
| Stern index c | 0.54 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.96 | −3.87 (17.41) | 0.82 |
a
b stands for regression coefficient (as an estimate of) and SE stands for its standard error.
b
dietary intake was from 24 hour recalls and represents 3 days.
c
met stands for metabolic equivalent task.
d
CES-D stands for Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
c
Stern index was calculated based on formula from the publication: Stern MP, Williams K, Haffner SM. Identification of persons at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: do we need the oral glucose tolerance test? Ann Intern Med 2002; 136:575–581.