Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of variables in this study
| Variables | VIF | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual level (N=4093) | |||||
| Health | NA | 0.00 | 0.86 | −2.72 | 1.17 |
| Stress level (reference = no stress) | |||||
| Below average | 2.08 | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Average | 2.55 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Above average | 2.27 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| High stress | 2.07 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (continuous) | 2.41 | 49.88 | 17.44 | 18.00 | 100.00 |
| Gender (Male=1, female=0) | 1.08 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Race (African American=1, non-African American=0) | 1.39 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Marital status (reference=single) | |||||
| Married/cohabiting (1, else=0) | 1.47 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Widowed/separated (1, else=0) | 1.71 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Socioeconomic status | |||||
| Employed (1, else=0, reference=others) | 2.58 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Retired (1, else=0, reference=others) | 3.30 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Incapable of working (1, else=0, reference=others) | 1.77 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Education (over high school=1, else=0) | 1.25 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Poverty status (below poverty line=1, else=0) | 1.22 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Religious service attendance (reference=never) | |||||
| Attending yearly (yes=1, no=0) | 1.83 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Attending monthly (yes=1, no=0) | 1.65 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Attending weekly (yes=1, no=0) | 2.21 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Neighborhood participation (reference=none) | |||||
| Joining one group (yes=1, else=0) | 1.21 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Joining at least two groups (yes=1, else=0) | 1.31 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Neighborhood trust | 1.19 | 0.00 | 0.99 | −2.98 | 1.70 |
| Access to medical resources | |||||
| Insured (having health insurance=1, else=0) | 1.50 | 0.89 | 0.31 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Dental insurance (having dental insurance=1, else=0) | 1.48 | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Having regular source of care (yes=1, else=0) | 1.10 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Transportation difficulty in seeing a doctor (no=1, yes=0) | 1.15 | 0.88 | 0.32 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Neighborhood Level (N=45) | |||||
| Neighborhood safety | 2.87 | 0.00 | 1.00 | −1.86 | 2.12 |
| Residential stability | 6.11 | 0.00 | 0.93 | −3.25 | 1.64 |
| Medical resources | 1.81 | 0.00 | 1.00 | −0.55 | 4.03 |
| Daily vehicle miles traveled (standardized) | 1.29 | 0.00 | 1.00 | −1.13 | 4.14 |
| Social disadvantage | 3.55 | 0.00 | 1.00 | −1.65 | 2.38 |
| Concentrated affluence | 5.26 | 0.00 | 1.00 | −1.16 | 3.39 |
| Toxics release inventory sites (present=1, absent=0) | 1.61 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Residual waste operations (present=1, absent=0) | 1.39 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
VIF Variance Inflation Factor, SD Standard Deviation, Min. Minimum, Max. Maximum