| Pain |
Visual Analogue Scale or Numerical Pain Rating Scale |
| Functional disabilities |
Oswestry Disability Index, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire, Disability Rating Index, or Patient Specific Function Scale |
| Overall-health improvement |
Short form health survey |
| Quality of life |
Patient Satisfaction with Care, Modified Zung Self-Rated Depression Score and State Trait Anxiety Inventory, return to work, sick leave, and medication use, adverse effects |
| Strength of evidence |
Conditions description |
| Strong |
Consistent findings from multiple ‘high quality trials’ = level A |
| Moderate |
Consistent findings among multiple ‘low quality trials’ corresponding to moderate quality in this systematic review = Level B, and/or one level A |
| Limited |
One level B |
| Conflicting |
Inconsistent findings among multiple trials |
| No evidence |
No trials |
