Table 2.
Associations between serum 25-(OH)D concentration and insulin resistance, β-cell function, and urine ACR in Chinese type 2 diabetes.
| OR | 95% CI | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25-(OH)D concentration (nmol/L) and HOMA-IR* | |||
| Model 1 | 1.012 | 1.002–1.024 | 0.025 |
| Model 2 | 1.009 | 0.996–1.021 | 0.169 |
| Model 3 | 1.009 | 0.997–1.022 | 0.150 |
|
| |||
| 25-(OH)D concentration (nmol/L) and HOMA-B** | |||
| Model 1 | 0.999 | 0.988–1.010 | 0.830 |
| Model 2 | 0.994 | 0.983–1.006 | 0.336 |
| Model 3 | 0.992 | 0.981–1.004 | 0.206 |
|
| |||
| 25-(OH)D concentration (nmol/L) and urine ACR (mg/g)*** | |||
| Model 1 | 0.984 | 0.972–0.996 | 0.008 |
| Model 2 | 0.985 | 0.973–0.998 | 0.021 |
| Model 3 | 0.985 | 0.972–0.999 | 0.030 |
*Model 1: adjusted by gender, age (year), duration of diabetes (year), and season; model 2: adjusted by model 1 + BMI (kg/m2), SBP (mmHg), and HbA1c (%); model 3: adjusted by model 2 + urine ACR (mg/g), LDL-C (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L), CHO (mmol/L), TG (mmol/L), UA (umol/L), and CRE (umol/L). HOMA-IR > 3.30 as 1, while HOMA-IR < 3.30 as 2.
**Model 1: adjusted by gender, age (year), duration of diabetes (year), and season; model 2: adjusted by model 1 + BMI (kg/m2), SBP (mmHg), and HbA1c (%); model 3: adjusted by model 2 + urine ACR (mg/g), LDL-C (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L), CHO (mmol/L), TG (mmol/L), UA (umol/L), and CRE (umol/L). HOMA-B < 50 as 1, while HOMA-B > 50 as 2.
***Model 1: adjusted by gender, age (year), duration of diabetes (year), and season; model 2: adjusted by model 1 + BMI (kg/m2), SBP (mmHg), and HbA1c (%); model 3: adjusted by model 2 + LDL-C (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L), CHO (mmol/L), TG (mmol/L), UA (umol/L), and CRE (umol/L). Urine ACR < 30 mg/g as 1, while urine ACR ≥ 30 mg/g as 2.