Table 1.
Patients With Enterobacter spp. Bacteremia During the Period 2005–2011 at 2 Major Hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts
| Characteristic | Total Cohort (n = 368) | Survived Hospitalization (n = 315) | Died During Hospitalization (n = 52) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Male sex, No. (%) | 204 (55) | 181 (57) | 23 (44) | .07 |
| Median age, y (IQR) | 59 (48–69) | 58 (47–69) | 63 (54–74) | .04 |
| Neutropenic, No. (%) | 66 (18) | 50 (16) | 16 (31) | .01 |
| ICU on day of bacteremia, No. (%) | 90 (24) | 62 (20) | 28 (54) | <.001 |
| Comorbid medical conditions, No. (%) | ||||
| Solid organ malignancy | 139 (38) | 118 (38) | 21 (41) | .62 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 66 (18) | 51 (16) | 15 (29) | .02 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 91 (25) | 81 (26) | 10 (20) | .34 |
| Cardiac disease | 147 (40) | 119 (38) | 28 (55) | .02 |
| COPD | 41 (11) | 31 (10) | 10 (20) | .04 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 88 (24) | 64 (20) | 24 (47) | <.001 |
| Liver disease | 71 (19) | 59 (19) | 12 (24) | .43 |
| Solid organ transplant | 18 (5) | 15 (5) | 3 (6) | .74 |
| Hematopoietic stem cell transplant | 19 (5) | 16 (5) | 3 (6) | .82 |
| Secondary culture source, No. (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular catheter tip | 18 (5) | 18 (6) | 0 (0) | .08 |
| Abdominal | 15 (4) | 11 (3) | 4 (8) | .16 |
| Respiratory | 24 (7) | 16 (5) | 8 (15) | .01 |
| Urinary | 27 (7) | 24 (8) | 3 (6) | .64 |
| Blood culture positive only | 276 (75) | 238 (75) | 38 (73) | .74 |
| Pitt bacteremia score, No. (%) | <.001 | |||
| 0 | 67 (18) | 63 (20) | 4 (8) | |
| 1–4 | 262 (71) | 232 (73) | 30 (58) | |
| 5–8 | 39 (11) | 21 (7) | 18 (35) | |
| Enterobacter cloacae, No. (%) | 288 (28) | 242 (77) | 46 (88) | .06 |
| Massachusetts General Hospital, No. (%) | 223 (61) | 193 (61) | 30 (58) | .62 |
| Median days from positive culture to antibiotic initiation (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0.5) | .01 |
| Persistent bacteremia >1 d, No. (%) | 29 (11) | 22 (9) | 7 (18) | .10 |
| Antimicrobial susceptibilityb | ||||
| Ceftriaxone susceptible (n = 335), No. (%) | 227 (68) | 207 (72) | 20 (41) | <.001 |
| Cefepime susceptible (n = 363), No. (%) | 351 (97) | 303 (97) | 48 (92) | .04 |
| Carbapenem susceptible (n = 278), No. (%) | 263 (95) | 223 (95) | 40 (93) | .62 |
| Quinolone susceptible (n = 364), No. (%) | 307 (84) | 268 (86) | 39 (75) | .05 |
| Antimicrobial(s) used, No. (%) | ||||
| Ceftriaxone | 39 (11) | 37 (12) | 2 (4) | .44 |
| Ceftazidime | 77 (21) | 64 (20) | 13 (25) | .09 |
| Cefepime | 137 (37) | 116 (37) | 21 (40) | .59 |
| Cefepime dose per 24 h | .46 | |||
| <2 g | 27 (20) | 21 (18) | 6 (30) | |
| 2–4 g | 88 (66) | 77 (68) | 11 (55) | |
| 6 g | 19 (14) | 16 (14) | 3 (15) | |
| Carbapenem | 74 (20) | 56 (18) | 18 (35) | .01 |
| Quinolone | 168 (46) | 147 (47) | 21 (40) | .40 |
| Gentamicin | 53 (14) | 48 (15) | 5 (10) | .29 |
| Any other antibiotic | 33 (9) | 27 (9) | 6 (12) | .49 |
| Any 2 antibiotics | 201 (55) | 172 (55) | 29 (56) | .88 |
| Any 3 antibiotics | 38 (10) | 28 (9) | 10 (19) | .02 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
a P values are for differences between those who did and did not clear bacteremia within 1 day, calculated with χ2 tests for categorical variables and rank-sum tests for continuous, non-normally distributed variables.
b Susceptibility testing determined by the Vitek system and classified using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M100-S22 [30].