Efflux kinetics of DOXO and NO−DOXOs from HT29-dx cells. HT29-dx cells were loaded in PBS buffer for 10 min at 37 °C with different amounts (1−200 μM) of DOXO (open circle), 4 (open square), or 5 (solid square) and then washed. One aliquot of each sample was checked immediately for the content of drug (time 0), whereas a second aliquot was further incubated in fresh PBS for an additional 10 min, washed, and tested for the drug content as previously described (for details, see the Supporting Information). The rate of DOXO efflux was calculated from the difference between the drug concentration at time 0 and at 10 min, respectively. Measurements (n = 3) were done in duplicate, and data are presented (means ± SDs) as the rate of efflux vs the intracellular drug concentration at time 0. The significance of 4 vs DOXO: *p < 0.01; significance of 5 vs DOXO, °p < 0.002; significance of 5 vs 4, ◊p < 0.001.