Table 2.

Associations between Economic Loss and Alcohol Consumption and Problems

	Alcohol Volume, logged	Monthly Drunkenness	2+ Negative Drinking Consequences	Alcohol Dependence
Type of Loss	b (SE)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Household affected by recession
Unadjusted	0.11(0.12)	1.19(0.81–1.75)	2.73(1.47–5.08)**	2.04(1.07–3.88)*
Model 1 a	0.10(0.11)	1.19(0.79–1.79)	2.67(1.39–5.14)**	2.14(1.09–4.19)*
Model 2 b	0.04(0.11)	1.08(0.71–1.64)	2.37(1.20–4.68)*	1.75(0.85–3.58)
Loss of retirement savings
Unadjusted	0.53(0.14)***	1.10(0.70–1.74)	2.01(0.96–4.24)†	1.55(0.68–3.52)
Model 1	0.39(0.13)**	1.20(0.74–1.96)	2.51(1.11–5.70)*	2.12(0.90–4.99)†
Model 2	0.31(0.14)*	1.05(0.64–1.72)	2.07(0.91–4.73)†	1.58(0.65–3.86)
Reduction in work hours/pay
Unadjusted	0.13(0.14)	1.28(0.83–1.97)	2.75(1.42–5.36)**	2.44(1.22–4.88)*
Model 1	0.06(0.13)	1.21(0.76–1.92)	2.48(1.24–4.99)*	2.46(1.19–5.06)*
Model 2	0.001(0.13)	1.11(0.69–1.77)	2.26(1.10–4.64)*	2.11(0.97–4.57)†
Job loss
Unadjusted	0.32(0.18)†	1.94(1.19–3.19)**	4.73(2.29–9.80)***	3.75(1.79–7.85)***
Model 1	0.34(0.17)*	1.90(1.12–3.21)*	3.90(1.84–8.26)***	3.35(1.57–7.17)**
Model 2	0.27(0.17)	1.71(1.00–2.92)*	3.39(1.60–7.19)***	2.71(1.21–6.05)*
Trouble paying rent or mortgage
Unadjusted	0.04(0.18)	1.48(0.87–2.51)	4.49(2.17–9.28)***	3.55(1.68–7.47)***
Model 1	0.21(0.17)	1.57(0.90–2.73)	4.13(1.96–8.71)***	3.32(1.57–7.00)**
Model 2	0.11(0.17)	1.32(0.75–2.32)	3.39(1.61–7.12)***	2.44(1.11–5.36)*
Housing loss
Unadjusted	0.26(0.43)	2.48(0.98–6.34)†	12.53(4.84–32.44)***	8.24(2.96–22.95)***
Model 1	0.35(0.37)	2.33(0.82–6.61)	10.41(3.72–29.08)***	6.75(2.21–20.59)***
Model 2	0.29(0.36)	2.07(0.79–5.39)	9.52(3.69–24.60)***	5.93(2.07–16.99)***
Severity of Loss
Unadjusted
Moderate loss	0.22(0.13)†	0.96(0.61–1.51)	1.66(0.81–3.41)	1.50(0.65–3.44)
Severe loss	0.22(0.18)	1.79(1.09–2.93)*	4.45(2.16–9.17)***	3.55(1.71–7.36)***
Model 1
Moderate loss	0.12(0.13)	0.95(0.59–1.54)	1.81(0.84–3.92)	1.72(0.73–4.05)
Severe loss	0.26(0.16)	1.77(1.05–2.99)*	3.73(1.77–7.86)***	3.19(1.50–6.78)**
Model 2
Moderate loss	0.05(0.13)	0.85(0.52–1.38)	1.58(0.72–3.48)	1.39(0.56–3.46)
Severe loss	0.19(0.16)	1.60(0.94–2.73)†	3.26(1.54–6.90)**	2.61(1.17–5.79)*

Unstandardized beta coefficients and odds ratios shown. The reference group are those persons who experienced no recession-related economic loss of any type.

^aModel 1: Adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education.

^bModel 2 (fully adjusted model): Adjusted for all demographics in Model 1, history of alcohol-related health problems prior to the recession, and parental alcoholism.

^*p ≤ .05,

^**p ≤ .01,

^***p ≤ .001,

^†p ≤ .10.