Table 4.
Measurement Invariance for Scales Across Ethnic Groups
| Scale | Χ2 | df | p | ΔΧ2 (p) | CFI | ΔCFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | RMSEA 90% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of Positivity | ||||||||||
| Step 1: Configural invar. | 6.12 | 6 | .4098 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .03 | .01 | .00 – .12 | ||
| Step 2: Metric invariance | 17.94 | 14 | .2094 | 11.82 (.1594) | .96 | .04 | .95 | .10 | .05 | .00 – .11 |
| Step 3: Scalar invariance | 35.79 | 20 | .0163 | 17.85 (.0066) | .84 | .12 | .85 | .11 | .08 | .03 – .12 |
| Item 10 freed | 25.63 | 18 | .1085 | 7.69 (.1036) | .92 | .04 | .92 | .10 | .06 | .00 – .11 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Value of Anger | ||||||||||
| Step 1: Configural invar. | 41.62 | 27 | .0358 | .85 | .74 | .10 | .07 | .02 – .11 | ||
| Revised: 4 items | 3.94 | 6 | .6843 | 1.00 | 1.12 | .04 | .00 | .00 – .09 | ||
| Step 2: Metric invariance | 13.94 | 14 | .4540 | 10.00 (.2650) | 1.00 | .00 | 1.00 | .08 | .00 | .00 – .09 |
| Step 3: Scalar invariance | 33.34 | 20 | .0310 | 20.00 (.0028) | .74 | .26 | .77 | .09 | .07 | .02 – .11 |
| Item 23 freed | 15.97 | 18 | .5950 | 2.03 (.7302) | 1.00 | .00 | 1.04 | .07 | .00 | .00 – .07 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Manipulation | ||||||||||
| Step 1: Configural invar. | 5.13 | 6 | .5267 | 1.00 | 1.02 | .03 | .00 | .00 – .11 | ||
| Step 2: Metric invariance | 17.59 | 14 | .1458 | 12.46 (.1318) | .97 | .03 | .96 | .10 | .05 | .00 – .11 |
| Step 3: Scalar invariance | 22.59 | 20 | .3094 | 3.00 (.8088) | .98 | −.01 | .98 | .10 | .03 | .00 – .09 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Control | ||||||||||
| Step 1: Configural invar. | 22.47 | 15 | .0959 | .96 | .91 | .05 | .06 | .00 – .12 | ||
| Step 2: Metric invariance | 39.89 | 30 | .1070 | 17.42 (.2944) | .94 | .02 | .94 | .09 | .05 | .00 – .09 |
| Step 3: Scalar invariance | 52.31 | 33 | .0176 | 12.42 (.0061) | .88 | .06 | .90 | .08 | .07 | .03 – .10 |
| Item 36 freed | 38.79 | 31 | .1586 | −1.20 (1.00) | .96 | −.02 | .96 | .07 | .05 | .00 – .09 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Parental Knowledge | ||||||||||
| Step 1: Configural invar. | 1.66 | 3 | .6468 | 1.00 | 1.05 | .04 | .00 | .00 – .12 | ||
| Step 2: Metric invariance | 23.46 | 7 | .0014 | 21.80 (.0002) | .79 | .21 | .83 | .14 | .14 | .08 – .21 |
| Item 42 freed | 5.72 | 6 | .4551 | 4.06 (.2551) | 1.00 | .00 | 1.01 | .07 | .00 | .00 – .12 |
| Step 3: Scalar invariance | 12.48 | 10 | .2540 | 6.76 (.1491) | .97 | .03 | .97 | .09 | .05 | .00 – .12 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Autonomy | ||||||||||
| Step 1: Configural invar. | 59.73 | 42 | .0372 | .94 | .91 | .08 | .06 | .02 – .09 | ||
| Revised: 3 items | 2.16 | 3 | .5392 | 1.00 | 1.02 | .04 | .00 | .00 – .14 | ||
| Step 2: Metric invariance | 13.63 | 7 | .0581 | 11.47 (.0218) | .95 | .05 | .94 | .09 | .09 | .00 – .16 |
| Item 49 freed | 8.42 | 6 | .2087 | 6.26 (.0996) | .98 | .02 | .97 | .09 | .06 | .00 – .14 |
| Step 3: Scalar invariance | 17.46 | 10 | .0647 | 9.04 (.0601) | .94 | .04 | .95 | .10 | .08 | .00 – .14 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Stability | ||||||||||
| Step 1: Configural invar. | 6.30 | 6 | .3902 | 1.00 | .99 | .04 | .02 | .00 – .12 | ||
| Step 2: Metric invariance | 17.22 | 14 | .2446 | 10.92 (.2063) | .96 | .04 | .95 | .07 | .04 | .00 – .10 |
| Step 3: Scalar invariance | 27.41 | 20 | .1240 | 10.19 (.1169) | .92 | .04 | .93 | .08 | .06 | .00 – .10 |