Figure 4. Effect of transradial vs. transfemoral approach on major bleeding.

4A. Odds ratio of major bleeding with transradial vs. transfemoral approach. 4B. Trial sequential analysis for major bleeding. Heterogeneity adjusted information size of 13,368 participants calculated on basis of major bleeding of 1.58% in the transfemoral group, relative risk reduction 35%, α = 5%, β = 20%, I² = 0%. Solid green cumulative Z-curve crossed both red dashed trial sequential monitoring and information size boundaries, thereby confirming that transradial approach is superior to transfemoral approach in reducing vascular complications. Horizontal dotted green lines illustrate traditional level of statistical significance (p = 0.05).