Table 1. Baseline characteristics of all patients, and patients with and without recurrent ischemic stroke in the territory of the qualifying artery.
| Characteristics a | Overall (N = 32) | Recurrent ischemic stroke in the territory | P values b | |
| Yes (n = 6) | No (n = 26) | |||
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age, y | 65 (57–72) | 65 (54–70) | 65 (58–74) | 0.612 |
| Male | 19 (59.4) | 3 (50.0) | 16 (61.5) | 0.666 |
| Current smoker | 15 (46.9) | 3 (50.0) | 12 (46.2) | 1.000 |
| History of dyslipidemia | 27 (84.4) | 6 (100) | 21 (80.8) | 0.555 |
| History of hypertension | 24 (75.0) | 5 (83.3) | 19 (73.1) | 1.000 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 13 (40.6) | 4 (66.7) | 9 (34.6) | 0.194 |
| History of ischemic stroke / TIA | 5 (15.6) | 1 (16.7) | 4 (15.4) | 1.000 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 6.8±2.4 | 7.6 (5.3–12.9) | 5.7 (5.2–7.1) | 0.109 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin, % | 6.6±1.6 | 7.8 (6.1–10.9) | 6.1 (5.6–6.5) | 0.030 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.6±0.8 | 1.5 (1.1–3.1) | 1.3 (1.2–1.7) | 0.546 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.2±0.4 | 0.9 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 0.190 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 3.4±1.3 | 3.5 (1.4–4.9) | 3.4 (2.6–4.0) | 0.981 |
| Characteristics of ICAS | ||||
| Percentage of luminal stenosis by DSA, % | 76 (70–87) | 80 (71–87) | 76 (70–84) | 0.697 |
| Percentage of cross-sectional stenosis by DSA, % | 94 (91–98) | 95 (91–98) | 94 (91–97) | 0.697 |
| Hemodynamic characteristics on CFD models | ||||
| Pressure ratio | 0.40 (−2.46–0.79) | −0.80 (−46.48–0.78) | 0.47 (−2.28–0.80) | 0.412 |
| SSR ratio | 4.5 (2.2–20.6) | 22.6 (8.4–87.9) | 3.5 (1.9–9.1) | 0.038 |
| Velocity ratio | 7.4 (5.2–12.5) | 12.1 (9.1–77.1) | 6.5 (4.7–12.0) | 0.038 |
TIA, transient ischemic attack; ICAS, intracranial atherosclerosis; DSA, digital subtraction angiography; CFD, computational fluid dynamics; SSR, shear strain rate.
a
Values are means ± standard deviation, medians (interquartile range) or numbers (%).
b
P values for Wilcoxon rank-sum tests or Fisher's exact tests, respectively for continuous and categorical variables.