Table 4. Haplotype frequencies by stages of diabetic nephropathy in SURGENE and pooled GENESIS/GENEDIAB studies.

Haplotypes	Absence of nephropathy	Incipient nephropathy	Established or advanced nephropathy	OR (95% C.I.) for incipient nephropathy	p	OR (95% C.I.) for established or advanced nephropathy	p
SURGENE	(n = 204)	(n = 98)	(n = 38)
CAGC	0.458	0.461	0.355	1		1
TTAT	0.286	0.269	0.366	1.10 (0.71–1.71)	0.66	3.06 (1.32–7.09)	0.009
TTGT	0.237	0.258	0.263	1.30 (0.83–2.04)	0.26	2.62 (0.99–6.98)	0.05
TTGC	0.013	0.006	0.016	-	-	-	-
CAGT	0.006	0.006	0.000	-	-	-	-
GENESIS/GENEDIAB	(n = 187)	(n = 95)	(n = 84)
CAGC	0.472	0.473	0.394	1		1
TTAT	0.285	0.328	0.368	1.29 (0.83–1.98)	0.26	1.90 (1.17–3.09)	0.009
TTGT	0.217	0.171	0.226	0.87 (0.54–1.39)	0.55	1.45 (0.85–2.48)	0.17
TTGC	0.023	0.022	0.006	-	-	-	-
CAGT	0.003	0.006	0.006	-	-	-	-

Haplotypes represent the alleles of rs2758329, rs8031, rs5746136 and rs4880, respectively. Odds ratios for diabetic nephropathy stages for each haplotype as compared to the odds for the most frequent haplotype (CAGC) considered to be 1. SURGENE data represents prevalence of diabetic nephropathy at the end of follow-up (baseline plus incident cases); analyses adjusted for sex and age. GENESIS/GENEDIAB data represents the subset of participants with non-proliferative or pre-proliferative retinopathy; analyses adjusted for sex, age and cohort membership. p≤0.05 is significant.