Table 1.
Characteristics of Bladder Cancer Cases and Controls Among Male Agricultural Workers in Egypt
| Characteristic/Exposure | All Agricultural Workers | Genotyped Agricultural Workers* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Controls N=881 N (%) |
Cases N=953 N (%) |
Controls N=358 N (%) |
Cases N= 419 N (%) |
|
|
| ||||
| Mean age ± SD | 60.2±11.0 | 60.7±10.3 | 58.5±11.7 | 59.6±10.4 |
|
| ||||
| Age group | ||||
| ≤ 45 | 91 (10.3%) | 71 (7.5%) | 56 (15.6%) | 38 (9.1%) |
| 45 < ≤ 55 | 227 (25.8%) | 223 (23.4%) | 98 (27.4%) | 109 (26.0%) |
| 55 < ≤ 65 | 278 (31.6%) | 329 (34.5%) | 103 (28.8% | 143 (34.1%) |
| > 65 | 285 (32.3%) | 330 (34.6%) | 101 (28.2%) | 129 (30.8%) |
|
| ||||
| Residence | ||||
| North | 41 (4.6) | 54 (5.7) | - | - |
| South | 840 (95.3) | 899 (94.3) | 358 (100%) | 419 (100%) |
| Urban | 9 (1.0) | 44 (4.6) | - | - |
| Rural | 872 (99.0) | 909 (95.4) | 358 (100%) | 419 (100%) |
|
| ||||
| Education | ||||
| None | 632 (71.7) | 779 (81.8) | 271 (75.7) | 333 (79.7%) |
| Some & higher | 249 (28.3) | 173 (18.2) | 87 (24.3%) | 85 (20.3%) |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | ||
|
| ||||
| Tobacco smoke | ||||
| Never | 161 (18.3) | 158 (16.6) | 63 (17.6%) | 60 (14.3%) |
| Waterpipe only | 115 (13.0) | 117 (12.3) | 40 (11.2%) | 52 (12.4%) |
| Cigarette only | 541 (61.4) | 547 (57.4) | 227 (63.4%) | 243 (58.0%) |
| Both | 64 (7.3) | 131 (13.7) | 28 (7.8%) | 64 (15.3%) |
|
| ||||
| ETS∞ | ||||
| No | 53 (32.9%) | 34 (21.5%) | 25 (39.7%) | 14 (23.3%) |
| Yes | 108 (67.1%) | 124 (78.5%) | 38 (60.3%) | 46 (73.7%) |
|
| ||||
| SH Infection history$ | ||||
| No | 387 (43.9) | 361 (37.9) | 184 (51.4%) | 140 (33.4%) |
| Yes | 436 (49.5) | 540 (56.6) | 157 (43.8%) | 256 (61.1%) |
| Do not know | 58 (6.6) | 52 (5.5) | 17 (4.8%) | 23 (5.5%) |
|
| ||||
| NQO1¶ genotype& | ||||
| TT@ | 19 (5.3%) | 22 (5.3%) | ||
| TC | 127 (35.8%) | 146 (35.2%) | ||
| CC | 209 (58.9%) | 247 (59.5%) | ||
| Undetermined | 3 | 4 | ||
|
| ||||
| SOD2¶ genotype& | ||||
| TT | 109 (30.6%) | 127 (30.7%) | ||
| TC | 160 (45.0%) | 188 (45.4%) | ||
| CC | 87 (24.4%) | 99 (23.9%) | ||
| Undetermined | 2 | 5 | ||
*
Sample was from rural south Egypt;
∞
Environmental tobacco smoke;
$
Shistosoma hematobium (SH) infection;
¶
NQO1 (NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase); SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase);
@
TT, TC, and CC, represent the variants of the genes that code respectively for the least active, intermediate, and more active forms of either enzyme;
&
p= 0.98 for comparing cases with controls using chi square.