Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, risk behaviors, and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections of men and their female partners by study arm.
| Men | Female Partners | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group (n=407) |
Control group (n=370) |
p-value | Intervention group (n=437) |
Control group (n=394) |
p-value | |
| Age (years) | 0.75 | 0.88 | ||||
| 15–19 | 5 (1.2%) | 5 (1.4%) | 50 (11.4%) | 45 (11.4%) | ||
| 20–24 | 75 (18.4%) | 78 (21.1%) | 138 (31.6%) | 131 (33.2%) | ||
| 25–29 | 118 (29.0%) | 115 (31.1%) | 122 (27.9%) | 115 (29.2%) | ||
| 30–34 | 108 (26.5%) | 88 (23.8%) | 78 (17.8%) | 60 (15.2%) | ||
| 35–49 | 101 (24.8%) | 84 (22.7%) | 49 (11.2%) | 43 (10.9%) | ||
| Marital Status | 0.47 | 0.54 | ||||
| Not married | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Monogamous | 349 (85.7%) | 325 (87.8%) | 353 (80.8%) | 325 (82.5%) | ||
| Polygynous | 57 (14.0%) | 45 (12.2%) | 83 (19.0%) | 69 (17.5%) | ||
| Religion | 0.62 | 0.28 | ||||
| Catholic | 256 (62.9%) | 260 (70.3%) | 269 (61.6%) | 245 (62.2%) | ||
| Protestant | 120 (29.5%) | 86 (23.2%) | 122 (27.9%) | 101 (25.6%) | ||
| Saved/Pentecostal/other | 28 (6.9%) | 22 (5.9%) | 40 (9.2%) | 35 (8.9%) | ||
| Muslim | 3 (0.7%) | 2 (0.5%) | 6 (1.4%) | 13 (3.3%) | ||
| Education | 0.32 | 0.57 | ||||
| No education | 29 (7.1%) | 36 (9.7%) | 71 (16.2%) | 54 (13.7%) | ||
| Primary | 304 (74.7%) | 276 (74.6%) | 317 (72.5%) | 292 (74.1%) | ||
| Secondary or higher | 74 (18.2%) | 58 (15.7%) | 49 (11.2%) | 48 (12.2%) | ||
| Number of sexual partners past year^ | 0.21 | 0.20 | ||||
| 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| 1 | 235 (57.7%) | 197 (53.2%) | 428 (97.9%) | 380 (96.4%) | ||
| 2+ | 172 (42.3%) | 173 (46.8%) | 8 (1.8%) | 14 (3.6%) | ||
| Non-marital relationships in past year | 0.77 | 0.07 | ||||
| No | 340 (83.5%) | 312 (84.3%) | 435 (99.5%) | 387 (98.2%) | ||
| Yes | 67 (16.5%) | 58 (15.7%) | 2 (0.5%) | 7 (1.8%) | ||
| Condom use in past year& | 0.74 | 0.06 | ||||
| None | 277 (68.1%) | 242 (65.4%) | 382 (88.0%) | 323 (82.6%) | ||
| Inconsistent use | 126 (31.0%) | 124 (33.5%) | 52 (12.0%) | 67 (17.1%) | ||
| Consistent condom use | 4 (1.0%) | 4 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | ||
| Alcohol use with sex in past year | 211 (51.8%) | 225 (60.8%) | 0.01 | 153 (35.0%) | 128 (32.5%) | 0.44 |
| Transactional sexual intercourse in past year* | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0.92 | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0.92 |
| Prior receipt of voluntary counseling and testing | 79 (19.4%) | 53 (14.3%) | 0.06 | 87 (19.9%) | 68 (17.3%) | 0.58 |
| Self-reported symptoms of STDs in past year | ||||||
| Genital ulcer disease | 37 (9.1%) | 35 (9.5%) | 0.86 | 64 (14.6%) | 50 (12.7%) | 0.41 |
| Urethral or vaginal discharge | 15 (3.7%) | 21 (5.7%) | 0.19 | 211 (48.3%) | 181 (45.9%) | 0.50 |
| Dysuria | 22 (5.4%) | 33 (8.9%) | 0.06 | 92 (21.1%) | 90 (22.8%) | 0.53 |
| Human papillmoavirus (HPV) prevalence# | ----- | ----- | ----- | 222 (50.8%) | 218 (55.3%) | 0.19 |
Data are n (%). The number of men is less than the number of female partners enrolled due to polygynous unions.
^
Number of sexual partners during past year includes long-term partner.
&
Condom use data was not available for three female partners from both the intervention arm and control arm.
*
Transactional sexual intercourse was defined as sexual intercourse in exchange for money or gifts.
#
Male HPV prevalence was not evaluated for all men.