Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of hip fracture patients and controls
| Characteristics | Hip Fracture Patients (n= 17,198) |
Controls (n= 85,990) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years (SD) | 84.3 (6.6) | 79.5 (7.0) |
| N (%) | N (%) | |
| Gender | ||
| female | 15,371 (89.4) | 70,792 (82.3) |
| male | 1,827 (10.6) | 15,198 (17.7) |
| Race | ||
| white | 16,779 (97.6) | 80,710 (93.9) |
| nonwhite | 419 (2.4) | 5,280 (6.1) |
| BDZ use | 2,840 (16.5) | 11,410 (13.3) |
| Co-medication usea | ||
| Antiparkinson drugs | 653 (3.8) | 1,582 (1.8) |
| Atypical neuroleptics | 677 (3.9) | 1,263 (1.5) |
| Classical neuroleptics | 647 (3.8) | 1,897 (2.2) |
| Co-morbiditya | ||
| Degenerative muscle disorders | 50 (0.3) | 140 (0.2) |
| Hemiplegia | 312 (1.8) | 759 (0.9) |
| Delirium | 4,121 (24.0) | 9,528 (11.1) |
| Other fractures | 2,666 (15.5) | 5,496 (6.4) |
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | |
| Days in hospital | 3.6 (8.9) | 2.1 (6.4) |
| Days in nursing home | 2.4 (10.5) | 1.0 (6.9) |
| Annual income ($)b | 9,845.5 (3,851.5) | 10,293.0 (4,206.0) |
| Charlson comorbidity score | 2.1 (2.1) | 1.6 (1.8) |
| Number of medications | 8.7 (5.2) | 8.1 (4.9) |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BDZ, benzodiazepines and related drugs.
a
only potentially confounding covariates with the most pronounced effects on hip fracture risk are shown
b
missings: hip fracture patients: N= 30; controls: N= 3