Survival of S. Typhi strains that express various levels of Vi in the presence of BRC. Shown is the survival of S. Typhi strains Ty2 and CVD 909 grown to an OD600 of 0.4 and incubated with 12.5% BRC in the absence of immune serum. The results represent the mean ± standard deviation value from at least three independent experiments. c, constitutively expressed. *, P < 0.05 and **, P < 0.01, by Student's t test, two-tailed. The dashed line represents 100% of inoculum as a visual reference.