ML tree of off-island genes (a) and island genes (b). Off-island genes: SMc00019, truA, thrA, hsfA, exoN, phyR, glyA, and fabB. Island genes: nifA, nifH, nodC, nodV, fixA, rhcC2, and trpD. In panel b, cluster III includes B. yuanmingense and B. daqingense CCBAU 15772, and cluster IV contains the remaining species except B. elkanii and Bradyrhizobium sp. II. Scale bars indicate 4% substitutions per site.