TABLE 5.
HRs (95% CIs) of cardiovascular disease mortality according to intakes of soy and soy components, stratified by sex1
| Quartile of intake |
|||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | P-trend2 | |
| Soy protein | |||||
| Males | |||||
| Cases/person-years, n/n | 857/131,278 | 653/89,344 | 603/78,379 | 589/82,393 | |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.15) | 0.50 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.12) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.17) | 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) | 0.02 |
| Females | |||||
| Cases/person-years, n/n | 367/88,536 | 622/133,404 | 601/144,657 | 488/142,483 | |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) | 0.23 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.88, 1.16) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.11) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.10) | 0.31 |
| Soy isoflavones | |||||
| Males | |||||
| Cases/person-years, n/n | 871/131,194 | 684/88,965 | 592/78,275 | 555/82,961 | |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.89, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.14) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | 0.61 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.20) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 0.27 |
| Females | |||||
| Cases/person-years, n/n | 390/88,205 | 630/132,644 | 562/144,664 | 496/143,567 | |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.86, 1.12) | 0.86 (0.75, 0.98) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | 0.07 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.85, 1.11) | 0.86 (0.75, 0.99) | 0.92 (0.80, 1.07) | 0.11 |
| Tofu equivalents | |||||
| Males | |||||
| Cases/person-years, n/n | 840/129,314 | 667/88,650 | 616/79,424 | 579/84,007 | |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) | 0.70 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.93, 1.15) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.24) | 1.11 (0.98, 1.25) | 0.04 |
| Females | |||||
| Cases/person-years, n/n | 376/88,602 | 617/133,218 | 599/145,412 | 486/141,848 | |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 0.36 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.12) | 0.50 |
1
Multivariate model 1 adjusted for age, dialect, year of interview, educational level, BMI, physical activity, smoking duration, cigarette smoking per day, alcohol use, baseline history of self-reported diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and total energy intake; multivariate model 2 further adjusted for dietary fiber, SFAs, MUFAs, ω-3 PUFAs, and ω-6 PUFAs.
2
Linear trend was tested by treating the quartile as a continuous variable.