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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2010 Nov 17;79(5):538–545. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.458

Figure 2. Effect of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-b-D-glucose (PGG) on ROS production in human renal cells (HRCs) exposed to calcium oxalate (1mM) and on the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in ethylene glycol (EG)-treated rats.

Figure 2

(a) The levels of ROS in HRCs were measured using ROS-sensitive fluorometric probe, 2,7-dichlorofluorescein by flow cytometric analysis. Data are expressed as % cells positive. Data represent means±s.d. #P<0.05 versus untreated control and **P<0.01 versus oxalate. (b) The level of serum MDA was determined on days 7, 14, and 21 following EG treatment (n=6/group) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay colorimetric method. Data represent means±s.d. ***P<0.001 versus untreated control and ###P<0.001 versus EG, two-way analysis of variance followed by a post hoc analysis. C, untreated control (distilled water); EG, EG-treated group (0.8% EG/1% ammonium chloride (AC; NH4Cl) in drinking water); and EGþP4 and EGþP20, two PGG-treated groups (0.8% EG/1% ACþ4 or 20 mg/kg of PGG in 2% methylcellulose).